Low dose of liraglutide combined with metformin leads to a significant weight loss in Chinese Han women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a retrospective study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overview of women included in the study.

Figure 2. Body weight change at baseline and after therapy.

Panel A shows the mean body weight at baseline and after therapy of those patients. Panel B shows the frequency of patients whose weight changed in [−25%, −20%), [−20%, −15%), [−15%, −10%), [−10%, −5%), [−5%, 0), [0, 5%) compared with their baseline. As we can see, almost people got at least 5% weight loss, and a majority of patients had a weight change in −5% to −15%. Panel C shows the cumulative percentage of patients with the change of body weight after 3 months of treatment.

Table 1. Characteristics at baseline and after therapy of low dose of liraglutide combined with metformin for 12 weeks.

Parameter	Baseline	After therapy	Difference	P
Weight(kg)	70.88(9.19)	63.63(9.00)	−7.25(3.48)	<0.001
BMI(kg/m^2)	28.13(3.23)	25.24(3.21)	−2.89(1.39)	<0.001
waist-hip ratio	0.90(0.04)	0.88(0.04)	−0.02(0.03)	<0.001
visceral fat area(cm^2) [1]	135.37(31.12)	110.74(33.01)	−24.64(14.88)	<0.001
percentage of body fat (%) [1]	39.16(4.76)	35.88(4.91)	−3.29(3.25)	<0.001

Results presented as mean (SD). P values < 0.05 are in bold. BMI: body mass index. Number of missing values in square brackets [ ].

Figure 3. The other characteristics change at baseline and after therapy.

Panel A shows body mass index (BMI). Panel B shows waist-hip ratio. Panel C shows visceral fat area. Panel D shows percentage of body fat. All the differences of parameters between baseline and after therapy were analyzed by Student’s paired t-test. ***for p < 0.001.

Table 2. Endocrine parameters at baseline and after therapy for 12 weeks.

Parameter	Baseline	After therapy	Difference	P
FSH (IU/L) [2]	5.96(5.01,6.90)	6.43(5.45,7.20)	0.47(−0.63,1.63)	0.070
LH (IU/L) [2]	10.67(6.04)	7.00(3.31)	−3.67(6.54)	<0.001
LH/FSH [2]	1.76(0.91)	1.11(0.53)	−0.65(1.04)	<0.001
PRL (ng/ml) [2]	18.03(9.72)	23.23(12.81)	5.21(11.79)	<0.001
SHBG (nmol/L)	57.49(53.31)	159.73(45.07)	102.24(58.1)	<0.001
TT (nmol/L) [4]	1.53(1.07,1.99)	0.95(0.66,1.25)	−0.51(−0.82,0.19)	<0.001
FT (pmol/L)	8.58(3.57)	5.22(3.19)	−3.37(3.98)	<0.001
DHEA (nmol/L)	26.70(17.22,34.74)	21.80(16.12,30.17)	−2.07(12.59,6.30)	0.095
Andro(nmol/L)	8.68(3.54)	6.59(2.60)	−2.09(3.64)	<0.001
FAI [4]	5.29(4.87)	0.87(1.97)	−4.42(4.44)	<0.001

Results presented as mean (S.D) or median (quartiles). P values < 0.05 are in bold. FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PRL: prolactin; T: testosterone; FT: free testosterone; DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone; Andro: androstenedione; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; FAI: free androgen index. Number of missing values in square brackets [ ].

Table 3. Metabolic parameters at baseline and after therapy for 12 weeks.

Parameter	Baseline	After therapy	Difference	P
TC (mmol/L) [1]	4.49(3.98,5.11)	4.64(4.16,5.17)	0.12(−0.26,0.43)	0.117
TG (mmol/L) [1]	1.55(1.09,2.25)	1.54(1.17,2.15)	0(−0.61,0.36)	0.348
HDL-C(mmol/L) [1]	1.27(0.44)	1.40(0.36)	0.13(0.34)	<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L) [1]	2.72(0.66)	2.74(0.71)	0.01(0.58)	0.822
LDL-C/HDL-C [1]	2.33(0.90)	2.05(0.65)	−0.28(0.65)	<0.001
TC/HDL-C [1]	3.96(1.16)	1.27(0.44)	−2.69(1.49)	<0.001
ApoA1(mmol/L) [1]	1.15(0.24)	1.45(0.26)	0.30(0.24)	<0.001
ApoB(mmol/L) [1]	0.82(0.21)	0.84(0.26)	0.01(0.25)	0.581
Glu 0 min OGTT (mmol/L) [1]	5.52(0.91)	5.39(0.74)	−0.13(1.07)	0.194
Glu 30 min OGTT (mmol/L) [1]	9.40(8.50,10.70)	9.20(8.40,10.30)	−0.20(−1.30,0.80)	0.145
Glu 60 min OGTT (mmol/L) [1]	10.10(7.80,12.10)	9.50(7.70,11.30)	−0.60(−2.20,1.20)	0.134
Glu 120 min OGTT (mmol/L) [1]	8.48(2.73)	7.53(2.23)	−0.95(2.79)	0.001
Glu 180 min OGTT (mmol/L) [1]	5.32(1.94)	5.05(1.52)	−0.27(2.17)	0.209
AUCGlucose (min* mmol/L) [1]	31.83(6.25)	33.71(7.78)	−1.88(7.31)	0.008
Insulin 0 min OGTT (μIU/L) [1]	26.82(25.22)	16.91(11.89)	−9.91(23.07)	<0.001
Insulin 30 min OGTT (μIU/L) [1]	146.81(98.69,201.76)	120.45(82.94,177.47)	−18.69(−58.02,21.42)	0.006
Insulin 60 min OGTT (μIU/L) [1]	199.48(99.04)	178.65(96.68)	−20.83(80.68)	0.019
Insulin 120 min OGTT (μIU/L) [1]	186.64(105.86)	134.16(86.13)	−52.47(96.48)	<0.001
Insulin 180 min OGTT (μIU/L) [1]	77.46(66.14)	46.02(61.26)	−31.44(67.85)	<0.001
AUCInsulin (min*μIU/L) [1]	596.43(286.95)	484.64(249.32)	−111.79(211.68)	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.20(5.00,5.50)	4.90(4.70,5.10)	−0.30(−0.60, −0.03)	<0.001
HOMA-IR [1]	6.94(8.19)	4.16(3.46)	−2.78(7.83)	<0.001

Results presented as mean (S.D) or median(quartiles). P values < 0.05 are in bold. TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; Glu: glucose; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Number of missing values in square brackets [ ].

Figure 4. The mean glucose, insulin concentration during OGTT at baseline and after therapy.

Panel A shows glucose concentrations during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Panel B shows insulin concentrations during OGTT. Panel C shows the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose during OGTT. Panel D shows the AUC of insulin during OGTT. The data are presented as means ± SD, and calculated with Student’s paired T-test. *for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, *** for p < 0.001.

Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [ResMan] at [http://www.medresman.org], reference number [ChiCTR1900024384].