Treatment preferences among patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis

Figures & data

Table 1. Attributes and levels included in the discrete-choice experiment.

Type of attribute	Attribute	Levels used in the choice questions
Treatment benefit	Chance of achieving clear or almost clear skin within 3 to 4 months of treatment	55 out of 100 people (55%)
		35 out of 100 people (35%)
		10 out of 100 people (10%)
	How long until you notice an improvement in itch	Less than 1 day
		2 days
		7 days (1 week)
		14 days (2 weeks)
Treatment risk	Increased risk of getting a serious infection each year while you are taking the medicine	0 out of 100 people (0%)
		2 out of 100 people (2%)
		6 out of 100 people (6%)
	Risk of pain, burning, and/or stinging after you apply the medicine	0 out of 100 people (0%)
		1 out of 100 people (1%)
		5 out of 100 people (5%)
Treatment administration	How you take the medicine	Topical cream twice a day
		Oral pill or tablet once a day
		Self-injection under the skin once every other week

Figure 1. Example discrete-choice experiment question.

Table 2. Characteristics of the respondents (N = 300).

Characteristic	Respondents
Gender identity, n (%)
Female	195 (65.0)
Male	101 (33.7)
A gender identity not listed here	4 (1.3)
Age (in years)
Mean (SD, min, max)	39.9 (13.2, 18, 77)
Race and/or ethnicity (select all that apply), n (%)^a,b
Asian	26 (8.7)
Black or African American	44 (14.7)
Hispanic, Latin American, Latinx	28 (9.3)
Middle Eastern or North African	1 (0.3)
Native American, American Indian, or Alaska Native	7 (2.3)
White	209 (69.7)
Education, n (%)
Some high school or less	5 (1.7)
High school or equivalent (e.g. GED)	24 (8.0)
More than high school but less than 4-year college degree	81 (27.0)
4-year college degree or higher	190 (63.3)
Body surface area covered with atopic dermatitis lesions, n (%)
5 palms or less (5% or less of your body area)	82 (27.3)
6 to 9 palms (6% to 9% of your body area)	133 (44.3)
10 to 20 palms (10% to 20% of your body area)	85 (28.3)
Prescription treatment experience (ever taken), n (%)^a
Topical creams or lotions	274 (91.3)
Oral medicines	166 (55.3)
Injectable biologic medicines	43 (14.3)
Injectable steroid medicines	75 (25.0)
Phototherapy or light therapy	47 (15.7)
Prescription treatment experience (currently taking), n (%)^a
Topical creams or lotions	255 (85.0)
Oral medicines	101 (33.7)
Injectable biologic medicines	33 (11.0)
Injectable steroid medicines	45 (15.0)
Phototherapy or light therapy	27 (9.0)

GED: general educational development; SD: standard deviation.

^aRespondents could provide multiple responses to this question. For this reason, the totals may exceed the number of respondents.

^bData for race and ethnicity were collected together and are intended to be descriptive in nature. Respondents were able to select more than 1 race and ethnicity, so these categories are not mutually exclusive and a respondent may be represented more than once.

Figure 2. Attribute preference weights (N = 300). DCE = discrete-choice experiment. Attributes are presented in the order in which they appeared in the DCE questions. The change in utility associated with the difference between 2 levels of a given attribute is represented by the difference between the preference weights for those attribute levels. Larger differences between preference weights indicate that respondents viewed the change as having a relatively greater effect on overall utility or having greater relative importance in treatment choice. The vertical bars around each mean preference weight represent the 95% confidence interval around the point estimate.

Figure 3. Conditional relative attribute importance (N = 300). DCE: discrete-choice experiment. Note: The conditional relative importance is the difference between the preference weights on the most influential attribute level and the least influential attribute level. These differences are summed across attributes, and the sum is scaled to 100. The conditional importance of each attribute is a percentage of this total. The vertical bars surrounding each relative importance weight estimate denote the 95% confidence interval (computed by the delta method). Attributes are presented in the order in which they appeared in the DCE questions.

Table 3. Maximum acceptable risk calculations (N = 300).

Benefit	From	To	Additional risk of	MAR (95% CI) a
Chance of achieving clear or almost clear skin within 3-4 months of treatment	35 out of 100 people (35%)	55 out of 100 people (55%)	Getting a serious infection each year while taking the medicine	> 6%
	10 out of 100 people (10%)	55 out of 100 people (55%)		> 6%
	10 out of 100 people (10%)	35 out of 100 people (35%)		> 6%
How long until you notice an improvement in itch	Less than 1 day	2 days	Getting a serious infection each year while taking the medicine	0.77 (−0.01 to 1.54)
	7 days	Less than 1 day		0.32 (−0.41 to 1.05)
	14 days	Less than 1 day		1.83 (0.78 to 2.87)
	7 days	2 days		1.09 (0.29 to 1.89)
	14 days	2 days		3.94 (0.67 to 7.20)
	14 days	7 days		1.50 (0.65 to 2.35)
Mode of administration	Oral pill or tablet once a day	Topical cream twice a day	Getting a serious infection each year while taking the medicine	0.85 (−0.06 to 1.76)
	Self-injection under the skin once every other week	Topical cream twice a day		5.15 (1.53 to 8.77)
	Self-injection under the skin once every other week	Oral pill or tablet once a day		2.36 (−1.42 to 6.13)
Chance of achieving clear or almost clear skin within 3-4 months of treatment	35 out of 100 people (35%)	55 out of 100 people (55%)	Pain, burning, and/or stinging after you apply the medicine	> 5%
	10 out of 100 people (10%)	55 out of 100 people (55%)		> 5%
	10 out of 100 people (10%)	35 out of 100 people (35%)		> 5%
How long until you notice an improvement in itch	Less than 1 day	2 days	Pain, burning, and/or stinging after you apply the medicine	0.69 (−0.15 to 1.52)
	7 days	Less than 1 day		0.29 (−0.40 to 0.98)
	14 days	Less than 1 day		3.85 (−0.58 to 8.28)
	7 days	2 days		0.98 (0.00 to 1.96)
	14 days	2 days		> 5%
	14 days	7 days		2.55 (−1.33 to 6.43)
Mode of administration	Oral pill or tablet once a day	Topical cream twice a day	Pain, burning, and/or stinging after you apply the medicine	0.77 (0.02 to 1.51)
	Self-injection under the skin once every other week	Topical cream twice a day		> 5%
	Self-injection under the skin once every other week	Oral pill or tablet once a day		4.99 (−0.03 to 10.00)

CI: confidence interval; MAR: maximum acceptable risk.

Figure 4. Attribute preference weights: disease burden subgroups (N = 300). DCE: discrete-choice experiment. Note: Attributes are presented in the order in which they appeared in the DCE questions. The change in utility associated with the difference between 2 levels of a given attribute is represented by the difference between the preference weights for those attribute levels. Larger differences between preference weights indicate that respondents viewed the change as having a relatively greater effect on overall utility or having greater relative importance in treatment choice. The vertical bars around each mean preference weight represent the 95% confidence interval around the point estimate.

Figure 5. Conditional relative attribute importance: disease burden subgroup (N = 300). DCE: discrete-choice experiment. The conditional relative importance is the difference between the preference weights on the most influential attribute level and the least influential attribute level. These differences are summed across attributes, and the sum is scaled to 100. The conditional importance of each attribute is a percentage of this total. The vertical bars surrounding each relative importance weight estimate denote the 95% confidence interval (computed by the delta method). Attributes are presented in the order in which they appeared in the DCE questions.

Data availability statement

Access to individual patient-level data is not available for this study. Information on Incyte’s clinical trial data sharing policy and instructions for submitting clinical trial data requests are available at: https://www.incyte.com/Portals/0/Assets/Compliance%20and%20Transparency/clinical-trial-data-sharing.pdf?ver=2020-05-21-132838-960