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Original Articles

Periodicity of propagule expulsion and settlement in the competing native and invasive brown seaweeds, Cystoseira humilis and Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyta)

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Pages 275-282 | Received 17 Jan 2007, Accepted 19 Dec 2007, Published online: 09 Sep 2008

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Map of Portugal showing the location of the study sites and the sampling layout.

Fig. 1. Map of Portugal showing the location of the study sites and the sampling layout.

Fig. 2. Mean daily egg expulsion (black bars) and embryo settlement (white bars) of Sargassum muticum and Cystoseira humilis. Error bars show standard deviations between pools (n=3 in 2003 and n=2 in 2004). Year mean and upper 95% confidence limits (based on 10,000 replicates) are indicated by the solid and dashed lines respectively.

Fig. 2. Mean daily egg expulsion (black bars) and embryo settlement (white bars) of Sargassum muticum and Cystoseira humilis. Error bars show standard deviations between pools (n=3 in 2003 and n=2 in 2004). Year mean and upper 95% confidence limits (based on 10,000 replicates) are indicated by the solid and dashed lines respectively.

Fig. 3. Polar plot of the semi-lunar pattern of egg expulsion (a) and embryo settlement (b) of Sargassum muticum (South Portugal: black dots; North Portugal: dark grey dots) and Cystoseira humilis (white dots). Thin solid lines connect data points of the same lunar cycle, thick solid lines are the fitted periodic model (percentage of egg expulsion=b0+b1×sin θ+b2×cos 2θ).

Fig. 3. Polar plot of the semi-lunar pattern of egg expulsion (a) and embryo settlement (b) of Sargassum muticum (South Portugal: black dots; North Portugal: dark grey dots) and Cystoseira humilis (white dots). Thin solid lines connect data points of the same lunar cycle, thick solid lines are the fitted periodic model (percentage of egg expulsion=b0+b1×sin θ+b2×cos 2θ).

Fig. 4. Mean egg expulsion (black bars) and number of settled embryos (white bars) of Sargassum muticum during morning and evening samplings on the same day. Error bars show standard deviations (n=6), lower case letters indicate grouping of means with significant differences (α=0.05).

Fig. 4. Mean egg expulsion (black bars) and number of settled embryos (white bars) of Sargassum muticum during morning and evening samplings on the same day. Error bars show standard deviations (n=6), lower case letters indicate grouping of means with significant differences (α=0.05).

Fig. 5. Temperature of surface (black lines) and bottom (grey lines) water of a typical tide-pool dominated by Sargassum muticum during low tide of 8 days in July 2003.

Fig. 5. Temperature of surface (black lines) and bottom (grey lines) water of a typical tide-pool dominated by Sargassum muticum during low tide of 8 days in July 2003.

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