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Research Article

The impact of excessive Instagram use on students’ academic study: a two-stage SEM and artificial neural network approach

Maslin Masroma Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaView further author information
,
Abdelsalam Busalimb Irish Institute of Digital Business, DCU Business School, Dublin City University, Dublin, IrelandCorrespondence[email protected]
[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-8593View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Mark D. Griffithsc International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UKView further author information
,
Shahla Asadid School of Computing & Engineering, University of Gloucestershire, The Park, Cheltenham, UKView further author information
&
Raihana Mohd Alia Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaView further author information
Received 14 Jul 2022, Accepted 17 Feb 2023, Published online: 12 Mar 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model and hypotheses.

Figure 1. Research model and hypotheses.

Table 1. Reliability and validity results.

Table 2. Discriminant validity based on Fornell–Larker criterion.

Table 3. Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) results.

Figure 2. Results of SEM model test.

Note: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, ***p<0.01, one-tailed

Figure 2. Results of SEM model test.Note: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, ***p<0.01, one-tailed

Table 4. Structural model results.

Figure 3. Neural network model.

Figure 3. Neural network model.

Table 5. RMSE for neural network model.

Figure 4. Independent variable importance.

Figure 4. Independent variable importance.

Table 6. Sensitivity analysis.

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