Explaining Social Media Use Reduction As an Adaptive Coping Mechanism: The Roles of Privacy Literacy, Social Media Addiction and Exhaustion

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model.

Table 1. Measurement instrument.

Construct	Item	Source
Privacy concerns (PC)	Pc1. Using Instagram, I’m afraid my privacy will be violated. Pc2. Using Instagram, I’m worried that my personal information will be over collected. Pc3. Using Instagram, I’m worried that my personal information will be accessed without authorization. Pc4. Using Instagram, I’m worried that my daily life will be tracked and monitored.	Smith et al., (1996); Zhu et al., (2021)
Perceived benefits (PB)	Pb1. The use of Instagram helps me communicate with others. *(deleted) Pb2. The use of Instagram helps me to feel good. Pb3. The use of Instagram can effectively help me achieve my personal goals. Pb4. The use of Instagram entertains me. Pb5. In general, the use of Instagram is beneficial to me.	Zhu et al., (2021)
Privacy literacy (PL)	Pl1. I know how to delete or deactivate my Instagram account. *(deleted) Pl2. I know how to restrict access to Instagram profile information such as hobbies, interests. Pl3. I know how to make my Instagram profile not accessible via Google. Pl4. I know how to control if others tag my name on Instagram pictures. *(deleted) Pl5. I know how to restrict access to my Instagram postings. Pl6. I know how to restrict access to my contact information (e.g. name, address).	Bartsch & Dienlin, (2016)
Adaptive coping strategies (ACS)	Acs1: I have been concentrating my efforts on doing something about the privacy stressful situations on Instagram. Acs2: I have been taking action to try to make the privacy stressful situation better. Acs3: I have been getting help and instrumental support from other people regarding dealing with privacy stressful situations on Instagram. Acs4: I have been trying to get instrumental support or help from other people about what to do regarding privacy stressful situations on Instagram. Acs5: I have been trying to come up with a strategy about what to do regarding privacy stressful situations on Instagram. Acs6: I have been thinking hard about what steps to take regarding privacy stressful situations on Instagram.	Gaudioso et al., (2017)
SNS addiction (ADD)	Add1. Using Instagram sometimes interfered with other activities. Add2. I have made unsuccessful attempts to reduce the time I interact with Instagram. Add3. Arguments have sometimes arisen at home because of the time I spend on Instagram. Add4. I think that I am addicted Instagram.	Moqbel & Kock, (2018)
SNS Exhaustion (E)	E1: I feel drained from activities that require me to use Instagram. E2: I feel tired from my Instagram activities. E3: Using Instagram is a strain for me.	Nawaz et al., (2018)
Intention to reduce SNS use (RED)	Red1: I intend to reduce using Instagram in the next 3 months. Red2: I predict I would reduce using Instagram in the next 3 months. Red3: I plan to reduce using Instagram in the next 3 months.	Osatuyi & Turel, (2020)

*Pb1, Pl1, and Pl4 were deleted due lack of indicator reliability.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics, correlations, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE).

Constructs	Mean	SD	CR	PPR	PB	PL	ACS	ADD	E	RED
Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR)	4.29	1.60	0.950	0.909
Perceived Benefits (PB)	4.28	1.08	0.830	−0.109	0.743
Privacy Literacy (PL)	3.63	1.53	0.765	−0.107	0.106	0.730
Adaptive Coping Strategies (ACS)	2.26	1.36	0.946	0.276	0.048	0.202	0.862
SM Addiction (ADD)	3.09	1.46	0.858	0.283	0.226	−0.103	0.398	0.776
SM Exhaustion (E)	2.93	1.66	0.938	0.246	−0.115	−0.044	0.431	0.488	0.914
Intention to reduce SM use (RED)	3.61	1.94	0.966	0.215	−0.041	−0.079	0.257	0.522	0.513	0.952

Values in diagonal (bold) are the AVE square root; SD = standard deviation.

Table 3. Loadings and cross-loadings.

Constructs	Items	PPR	PB	PL	ACS	ADD	E	RED
Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR)	PPR1	0.906	−0.062	−0.119	0.256	0.279	0.217	0.237
	PPR2	0.947	−0.112	−0.083	0.276	0.289	0.265	0.200
	PPR3	0.919	−0.136	−0.148	0.228	0.265	0.171	0.170
	PPR4	0.864	−0.090	−0.039	0.239	0.187	0.235	0.170
Perceived Benefits (PB)	PB2	0.011	0.745	0.054	0.051	0.233	−0.102	0.025
	PB3	−0.057	0.805	0.125	0.142	0.213	0.036	0.027
	PB4	−0.158	0.669	−0.020	−0.157	0.160	−0.147	−0.013
	PB5	−0.152	0.745	0.157	0.061	0.008	−0.225	−0.242
Privacy Literacy (PL)	PL2	−0.096	0.146	0.751	0.122	−0.029	−0.070	−0.008
	PL3	−0.083	0.066	0.884	0.207	−0.124	−0.032	−0.090
	PL5	−0.059	0.016	0.501	0.059	−0.035	0.029	−0.075
Adaptive Coping Strategies (ACS)	ACS1	0.295	−0.010	0.186	0.857	0.368	0.429	0.272
	ACS2	0.288	−0.011	0.195	0.857	0.289	0.321	0.199
	ACS3	0.178	0.142	0.157	0.852	0.392	0.354	0.168
	ACS4	0.132	0.134	0.184	0.843	0.378	0.361	0.180
	ACS5	0.219	0.056	0.166	0.897	0.342	0.396	0.264
	ACS6	0.285	−0.032	0.156	0.867	0.303	0.358	0.227
SM Addiction (ADD)	ADD1	0.229	0.099	−0.138	0.231	0.756	0.383	0.457
	ADD2	0.251	0.132	−0.135	0.268	0.845	0.399	0.464
	ADD3	0.213	0.225	0.058	0.416	0.708	0.348	0.317
	ADD4	0.174	0.292	−0.057	0.376	0.788	0.382	0.346
SM Exhaustion (E)	E1	0.236	−0.022	0.042	0.448	0.449	0.911	0.452
	E2	0.213	−0.120	−0.060	0.373	0.478	0.938	0.498
	E3	0.226	−0.173	−0.100	0.362	0.409	0.892	0.453
Intention to reduce SM use (RED)	RED1	0.218	−0.050	−0.110	0.246	0.524	0.538	0.958
	RED2	0.178	−0.043	−0.003	0.252	0.443	0.433	0.928
	RED3	0.216	−0.024	−0.101	0.237	0.516	0.484	0.969

Table 4. Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT).

Constructs	PPR	PB	PL	ACS	ADD	E	RED
Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR)
Perceived Benefits (PB)	0.160
Privacy Literacy (PL)	0.142	0.207
Adaptive Coping Strategies (ACS)	0.289	0.171	0.231
SM Addiction (ADD)	0.325	0.322	0.185	0.490
SM Exhaustion (E)	0.268	0.220	0.105	0.469	0.579
Intention to reduce SM use (RED)	0.226	0.126	0.114	0.270	0.590	0.551

Figure 2. Structural model.

Figure 3. Moderation effect 1.

Figure 4. Moderation effect 2.

Figure 5. Moderation effect 3.

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