Effect of Different Terpene-Containing Essential Oils on Percutaneous Absorption of Trazodone Hydrochloride Through Mouse Epidermis

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Effect of different skin pretreatment on the penetration data of trazodone hydrochloride delivered from matrix-type transdermal delivery system across mouse epidermis

Pretreatment	Formulations	Flux (μg cm^−2 h^−1)	EF	Skin retention (μg mg^−1)
No pretreatment	Control	25.70 ± 2.57	1.00	7.79 ± 0.84
Propylene glycol	Control	57.93 ± 3.85	2.25	10.06 ± 1.02
10% citronella oil	Control	118.82 ± 4.52	4.62	13.06 ± 2.01
10% eucalyptus oil	Control	201.76 ± 4.86	7.85	11.67 ± 1.89
10% mentha oil	Control	99.25 ± 3.42	3.86	13.29 ± 2.46
10% fennel oil	Control	237.76 ± 5.21	9.25	13.88 ± 1.64
5% citronella oil	5% citronella oil	41.37 ± 0.91	1.60	7.82 ± 0.76
5% eucalyptus oil	5% eucalyptus oil	97.08 ± 2.76	3.78	7.17 ± 0.67
5% mentha oil	5% mentha oil	50.14 ± 1.21	1.95	8.47 ± 1.05
5% fennel oil	5% fennel oil	201.05 ± 4.98	7.82	8.86 ± 1.34

*Values are the mean ±SEM (n = 3).

TABLE 2 The penetration data of trazodone hydrochloride delivered from matrix-type transdermal delivery system containing essential oils through mouse epidermis

Enhancers	Flux (μ g cm^− 2 h^− 1)	EF	Skin retention (μ g mg^− 1)
Control	25.70 ± 2.57	1.00	7.79 ± 0.84
5% citronella oil	36.26 ± 2.04	1.41	2.63 ± 0.22
10% citronella oil	50.98 ± 2.55	1.98	10.35 ± 1.27
15% citronella oil	54.54 ± 1.98	2.12	3.43 ± 0.94
5% eucalyptus oil	65.05 ± 2.76	2.53	3.97 ± 0.72
10% eucalyptus oil	93.75 ± 3.21	3.65	9.58 ± 1.52
15% eucalyptus oil	37.49 ± 1.28	1.46	3.37 ± 0.78
5% mentha oil	51.78 ± 1.78	2.01	3.60 ± 0.56
10% mentha oil	74.93 ± 2.02	2.92	10.37 ± 1.39
15% mentha oil	29.10 ± 0.97	1.13	3.39 ± 0.72
5% fennel oil	60.17 ± 1.45	2.34	4.35 ± 0.67
10% fennel oil	134.09 ± 2.49	5.22	11.69 ± 1.78
15% fennel oil	198.58 ± 3.67	7.73	4.82 ± 0.86

*Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 3).

FIG. 1 Effect of essential oils on trazodone hydrochloride (TZN) percutaneous absorption after pretreatment with 10% essential oil/PG before application of control transdermal delivery system (TDS). Each data point represents mean ±SEM (n = 3).

FIG. 2 Permeation profiles of TZN from TDS containing different concentration of eucalyptus oil without pretreatment across mouse epidermis. Each data point represents mean ±SEM (n = 3).

FIG. 3 Permeation profiles of TZN from TDS containing different concentration of fennel oil without pretreatment across mouse epidermis. Each data point represents mean ±SEM (n = 3).

FIG. 4 Permeation profiles of TZN from TDS containing different concentration of mentha oil without pretreatment across mouse epidermis. Each data point represents mean ±SEM (n = 3).

FIG. 5 Permeation profiles of TZN from TDS containing different concentration of citronella oil without pretreatment across mouse epidermis. Each data point represents mean ±SEM (n = 3).

FIG. 6 Effect of essential oils on TZN percutaneous absorption after pretreatment with 5% essential oil/PG before application of TDS containing 5% essential oils. Each data point represents mean ±SEM (n = 3).