Application of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with nanomaterials in anti-tumor therapy

Figures & data

Figure 1. The mechanism of synergistic application of HIFU and nanomaterials.

Figure 2. Application of nanomaterials as cavitation nuclei and drug carriers in HIFU.

Table 1. The utilization of bubble-generating nanoparticles to induce cavitation effect and combine with high-intensity focused ultrasound enhances the effectiveness of the treatment.

Type	Nanoparticle	Size(nm)	Advantages	In vitro	In vivo	Model	Ref
PFC	A liquid nanodroplet with DFB and DDFP core	100–300	Thermal deposition↑	√		–	(Phillips LC et al., 2013)
	TNEs	200	Off-targeted heating hazard ↓	√	√	Ovarian cancer	(Zhou Y et al., 2013)
Oxygen	Catalase@MONs	145.8	Endogenous oxygen↑ Utilization of tumor microenvironment ↑	√	√	Breast cancer	(Liu T et al., 2017)
	CaO2@SiO2 NPs	40	Exogenous oxygen↑	√	√	Breast cancer	(Wang C et al., 2022)
Carbon dioxide	Lip-ABC	295.0 ± 13.7	The stability of gas production↑ The level of biosecurity↑	√	√	Human fibrosarcoma	(Feng et al., 2017)
	Ca@H NPs	216.2 ± 46.09	Exogenous CO2↑ Utilization of tumor microenvironment ↑	√	√	Breast cancer	(Gao et al., 2022)
L-menthol	HMSNs-LM	630	The stability of bubble production↑ The level of biosafety↑	√	√	Squamous cell cancer	(Zhang K et al., 2014)

Table 2. The utilization of drug-loaded nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs to tumor sites enhances the effectiveness of high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment.

Type	Nanoparticle	Particle size (nm)	Advantages	In vitro	In vivo	Model	Ref
Equipped with chemotherapy drugs	Glycol chitosan nanoparticles	Self-assembly: 283.7 ± 5.3 Load DOX: 265.9 ± 35.5	HIFU triggers release directly	√	√	LUAD	(Choi et al., 2020)
	ANP-D/P	41	Increase cancer drug delivery	√	√	Glioma	(Luo et al., 2017)
	P@BDOX/β-lapachone-NO-NPs	117	Targeting anoxic environment of tumors; Change tumor gene expression	√	√	Breast cancer	(Li Q et al., 2021)
Combined with targeted drugs	PFP-PAA–F127-SPIO	50–310	Magnetic guidance; increase permeability of tumor cell membrane	√	√	Glioma	(Huang et al., 2013)
	Fe3O4@PLGA/LA NPs	292.1 ± 2.4	Release gas; produce free radicals; Coordinate treatment	√	√	Breast cancer	(Yang et al., 2021)
	mAbHLA-G/MTX/PLGA NBs	477.6 ± 119.7	Targeted therapy; prevent metastasis	√	√	CC	(Zhang et al., 2014)
	M@P-SOP	233.37 ± 2.20	CCM targeting guidance Synergistic anti-cancer	√	√	Breast cancer	(Tang R et al., 2023)
	PLD@NEs	PLD:90	Cells as targeting tools Active targeting	√	√	Liver cancer	(Shen et al., 2021)
	PEI-PLGA-NaHCO3-NPS & B. bifidum	258.0 ± 3.3	Bacteria pioneer Electrostatic adsorption	√	√	Breast cancer	(Wang D et al., 2021)
Nano-bombs	PFH/DOX@PLGA/Fe3O4–FA	281.0 ± 79.6	Targeted therapy; controlled release	√	√	Liver cancer	(Tang H et al., 2018)
	PFeRu-PL@SiO2(R) NPs	225	Ultrasonic magnetic effect dual-mode complementation; on-demand release	√	√	Cervical cancer	(Mai et al., 2021)
	DPH	443.6 ± 62.9	Cells as targeting tools Stimulates neutrophil migration	√	√	Breast cancer	(Xu et al., 2020)
	MBP	96.4 ± 2.28	Multifunctional nanoemulsion platform	√	√	Breast cancer	(Kuai et al., 2022)
	GVs-E. coli	–	Genetically engineered bacteria Bacterial tumor targeting Gene product cavitation nuclei	√	√	Breast cancer	(Yang et al., 2021)

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Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.