2022 Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Guidelines for Prehospital Care

Figures & data

Table 1. Criteria for clinical practice guidelines assessment.

Guideline	Systematically Developed Recommendations	By an Association or Similar	Systematic Review	Description of Search Strategy	Study Selection	Synthesis of Evidence	Summary of Evidence Synthesis	Assesses Benefits/ Harms and Alternate Options	Meets All NAM Criteria
Adeoye 2019	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Ahmed 2019	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Atkins 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Babl 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bennett 2020	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Berg 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Best 2020	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Blancher 2018	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Bouzat 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Charlton 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Cheng 2020	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Cicero 2021	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Cook 2020	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Cottey 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Craig 2020	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Doherty 2018	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Dow 2019	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Duff 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Duff 2019 (BLS)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Duff 2019 (PALS)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Eggleston 2020	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Escobedo 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Gowens 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Grasner 2021	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
Greif 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hachimi-Idrissi Coffey 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Hachimi-Idrissi Dobias 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hart 2020	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Hodgson 2022	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Hodroge 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Hughes 2021	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Incagnoli 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Kimura 2019	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Kleinman 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Le Conte 2019	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Lott 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Lou 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Lyng 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Madar 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Maschmann 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Medley 2019	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Mégarbane 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Mentzelopoulos 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mills 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mitchell 2018	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Munjal 2020	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Nasr 2019	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Nolan 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Olasveengen 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Onifer 2019	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Panchal 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Panchal Berg Cabanas 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Panchal Berg Hirsch 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Perkins 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Powers 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Rodriguez-Pardo 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Roquilly 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Schmidt 2019	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Schon 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Schwellnus 2019	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Semeraro 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Smith 2021	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Soar 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Spahn 2019	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Strapazzon 2018	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Sumann 2020	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Terheggen 2021	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Van de Voorde 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Vanhoy 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Williams 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Willmore 2020	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Wong 2019	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Yokobori 2020	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Zideman 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Zileli 2020	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Total Meeting Criteria, n (%)	70 (93%)	68 (91%)	35 (47%)	41 (55%)	35 (47%)	31 (41%)	63 (84%)	73 (97%)	24 (32%)

Table 2. Appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (AGREE) II assessment.

Guideline	Domain 1 Scope & Purpose	Domain 2 Stakeholder Involvement	Domain 3 Rigor of Development	Domain 4 Clarity of Presentation	Domain 5 Applicability	Domain 6 Editorial Independence	Domain Average
Adeoye 2019	73%	56%	46%	78%	52%	71%	61%
Ahmed 2019	75%	57%	55%	84%	43%	83%	63%
Atkins 2018	95%	57%	83%	95%	52%	88%	77%
Babl 2021	87%	84%	91%	95%	77%	88%	87%
Bennett 2020	87%	59%	64%	90%	55%	76%	71%
Berg 2020	90%	78%	89%	89%	61%	95%	81%
Best 2020	71%	49%	56%	78%	43%	83%	59%
Blancher 2018	67%	59%	70%	76%	33%	67%	61%
Bouzat 2020	92%	71%	58%	89%	39%	88%	70%
Charlton 2019	81%	76%	73%	92%	58%	93%	76%
Cheng 2020	86%	46%	60%	89%	40%	79%	64%
Cicero 2021	86%	57%	67%	84%	62%	55%	71%
Cook 2020	76%	54%	38%	65%	46%	76%	56%
Cottey 2019	78%	43%	58%	81%	43%	76%	61%
Craig 2020	65%	51%	39%	75%	54%	74%	57%
Doherty 2018	83%	63%	55%	79%	56%	69%	67%
Dow 2019	83%	54%	63%	84%	50%	60%	67%
Duff 2018	89%	73%	81%	87%	50%	90%	76%
Duff 2019 (BLS)	89%	73%	80%	90%	38%	74%	74%
Duff 2019 (PALS)	87%	70%	88%	90%	50%	88%	77%
Eggleston 2020	62%	57%	43%	57%	35%	67%	51%
Escobedo 2019	89%	70%	86%	90%	60%	83%	79%
Gowens 2018	76%	65%	60%	59%	49%	64%	62%
Grasner 2021	63%	59%	46%	71%	46%	81%	57%
Greif 2021	84%	81%	80%	84%	58%	76%	77%
Hachimi-Idrissi Coffey 2020	83%	63%	67%	83%	44%	88%	68%
Hachimi-Idrissi Dobias 2020	84%	59%	71%	78%	61%	79%	70%
Hart 2020	71%	43%	34%	57%	37%	71%	48%
Hodgson 2022	76%	73%	70%	75%	52%	74%	69%
Hodroge 2020	87%	51%	63%	89%	49%	67%	68%
Hughes 2021	76%	68%	58%	73%	55%	71%	66%
Incagnoli 2019	79%	63%	52%	86%	52%	74%	67%
Kimura 2019	67%	57%	48%	75%	58%	64%	61%
Kleinman 2018	86%	71%	77%	89%	56%	88%	76%
Le Conte 2019	87%	56%	60%	83%	36%	67%	64%
Lott 2021	90%	79%	80%	90%	67%	79%	81%
Lou 2020	78%	59%	39%	83%	60%	55%	63%
Lyng 2019	90%	67%	68%	70%	71%	67%	73%
Madar 2021	89%	79%	84%	89%	63%	81%	81%
Maschmann 2019	94%	78%	80%	89%	62%	71%	81%
Medley 2019	94%	68%	74%	90%	70%	76%	79%
Mégarbane 2020	86%	67%	63%	81%	45%	74%	68%
Mentzelopoulos 2021	90%	79%	88%	87%	65%	81%	82%
Mills 2020	87%	67%	79%	87%	51%	26%	74%
Mitchell 2018	78%	67%	45%	76%	40%	52%	61%
Munjal 2020	78%	57%	52%	60%	56%	64%	61%
Nasr 2019	79%	59%	65%	75%	50%	69%	66%
Nolan 2021	86%	81%	88%	89%	64%	81%	82%
Olasveengen 2021	86%	81%	85%	89%	71%	79%	82%
Onifer 2019	59%	40%	43%	78%	33%	38%	50%
Panchal 2018	86%	70%	82%	92%	61%	86%	78%
Panchal Berg Cabanas 2019	87%	75%	85%	92%	58%	86%	79%
Panchal Berg Hirsch 2019	84%	71%	80%	94%	62%	83%	78%
Perkins 2018	79%	79%	85%	94%	77%	55%	83%
Powers 2019	92%	68%	90%	92%	65%	79%	82%
Rodriguez-Pardo 2020	67%	41%	39%	71%	45%	62%	53%
Roquilly 2020	48%	44%	47%	62%	33%	48%	47%
Schmidt 2019	81%	56%	55%	83%	49%	71%	65%
Schon 2020	75%	48%	36%	63%	51%	71%	55%
Schwellnus 2019	86%	56%	62%	78%	44%	90%	65%
Semeraro 2021	83%	76%	79%	87%	74%	81%	80%
Smith 2021	70%	44%	45%	51%	57%	76%	53%
Soar 2021	83%	79%	88%	87%	67%	86%	81%
Spahn 2019	78%	59%	76%	87%	62%	81%	72%
Strapazzon 2018	81%	56%	69%	73%	51%	71%	66%
Sumann 2020	94%	67%	71%	81%	56%	74%	74%
Terheggen 2021	81%	57%	45%	71%	48%	69%	60%
Van de Voorde 2021	92%	83%	90%	90%	71%	81%	85%
Vanhoy 2019	86%	57%	79%	81%	58%	40%	72%
Williams 2019	94%	73%	80%	76%	58%	74%	76%
Willmore 2020	76%	54%	52%	59%	42%	26%	56%
Wong 2019	87%	75%	78%	90%	73%	67%	81%
Yokobori 2020	76%	51%	54%	71%	37%	60%	58%
Zideman 2021	86%	83%	89%	90%	69%	76%	83%
Zileli 2020	67%	46%	48%	70%	37%	24%	53%
AVERAGE	81%	63%	66%	81%	54%	72%	69%

Figure 1. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram.

Figure 2. Average scores across AGREE II domains (average of three appraisers ± standard deviation).

Domain 1 – Scope and Purpose (description of objectives, questions, and population)

Domain 2 – Stakeholder Involvement (description of input gained from stakeholders including target population)

Domain 3 – Rigor of Development (description of methodology of evidence evaluation and development of recommendations)

Domain 4 – Clarity of Presentation (clarity of recommendations including options for management)

Domain 5 – Applicability (description of implementation and evaluation)

Domain 6 – Editorial Independence (description of potential conflicts from funding body or guideline development group members)