Occupational performance issues in a longitudinal perspective in people with depression and/or anxiety on sick leave, returning to work or working

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the participants at baseline (N = 54).

	SL (n = 24)	Return to work (n = 13)^a	Working (n = 17)
Sex
Women, n (%)	22 (92)	11 (85)	14 (82)
Age
Years median (range)	51 (21–60)	42 (19–60)	39 (20–57)
Education
University, n (%)	6 (25)	3 (23)	6 (35)
Mandatory or high school, n (%)	18 (75)	10 (77)	11 (65)
Living situation
Alone, n (%)	12 (50)	4 (31)	7 (41)
Cohabiting, n (%)	10 (42)	7 (54)	9 (53)
With parents, n (%)	2 (8)	2 (15)	1 (6)
Children <18
Yes, n (%)	6 (25)	3 (23)	3 (18)
Main diagnosis
Depression, n (%)	20 (83)	12 (92)	7 (41)
Anxiety, n (%)	4 (17)	1 (8)	10 (59)
Treatment
TTM, n (%)	9 (38)	7 (54)	9 (53)
OT as usual, n (%)	15 (62)	6 (46)	8 (47)

^aIn the return-to-work group, one participant worked 50% at the data collection directly after treatment, eight participants worked after 3 months (25%–100%, mean 60%) and all had RTW at 12 months after (25%–100%, mean 72%).

OT as usual: occupational therapy as usual; TTM: tree theme method.

Table 2. Number of participants reporting OPIs, number of occupations reported and percentage of prioritized occupations among these in the COPM* areas at baseline (N = 54).

Occupational area	SL^a (n = 24)	RTW^b (n = 13)	W^c (n = 17)
Self-care
Personal care
Participants reporting, n (%)	16 (67)	5 (39)	10 (59)
Occupations, n	20	5	11
Prioritized occupations (%)	85	100	82
Functional mobility
Participants reporting, n (%)	5 (21)	3 (23)	7 (41)
Occupations, n	5	3	7
Prioritized occupations (%)	80	0	29
Community management
Participants reporting, n (%)	14 (58)	8 (62)	7 (41)
Occupations, n	18	8	8
Prioritized occupations (%)	61	75	50
Productivity
Paid/unpaid work
Participants reporting, n (%)	18 (75)	11 (85)	7 (41)
Occupations, n	22	13	8
Prioritized occupations (%)	77	100	50
Household management
Participants reporting, n (%)	21 (88)	9 (69)	14 (82)
Occupations, n	28	11	20
Prioritized occupations (%)	64	55	80
Play/school
Participants reporting, n (%)	2 (8)	2 (15)	2 (12)
Occupations, n	2	2	3
Prioritized occupations (%)	100	100	50
Leisure
Quiet recreation
Participants reporting, n (%)	12 (50)	10 (77)	9 (53)
Occupations, n	14	13	14
Prioritized occupations (%)	64	62	50
Active recreation
Participants reporting, n (%)	16 (67)	9 (69)	16 (94)
Occupations, n	16	11	19
Prioritized occupations (%)	88	82	90
Socialisation
Participants reporting, n (%)	22 (92)	12 (92)	15 (88)
Occupations, n	25	12	16
Prioritized occupations (%)	88	92	94

COPM, Canadian occupational performance measure.

^aSL group.

^bReturn to work group.

^cWorking group.

Table 3. Prioritized OPIs reported in the occupational areas and the kind of problems related to them as mentioned by one or several participants in the different groups at baseline (N = 54).

Occupational area		Occupations	SL^a	RTW^b	W^c	Occupational area		Problems related to the occupations	SL	RTW	W
Self-care	Personal care	Dressing	X		X	Self-care	Personal care	Lack of energy	X	X
		Food		X	X			Lack of motivation	X
		Getting started in the morning	X		X			Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
		Hygiene	X	X	X			Physical limitations	X
								Stress			X
	Functional mobility	Walk	X				Functional mobility	Lack of energy		X	X
								Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
								Physical limitations	X
	Community management	Shopping	X	X			Community management	Economy	X		X
		Transportation	X	X				Initiate		X	X
								Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
								Stress	X		X
								Worries			X
Productivity	Paid/unpaid work					Productivity	Paid/unpaid work	Lack of energy		X
								Own requirements	X
								Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
								Tired due to work			X
								Transport to work	X
								Work related demands/stress	X	X	X
								Worries		X
	Household	Baking		X	X		Household	Economy			X
		Cleaning	X	X	X			Lack of energy	X	X	X
		Cooking	X	X	X			Low expectations from others	X
		Homework with child		X				Own requirements		X
		Renovation			X			Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
		Wash up the dishes	X					Problems concentrating	X
		Washing			X
	Play/school	Fun activities		X			Play/school	Initiate			X
								Lack of energy	X
								Own requirements	X
								Performance (too little or not as wished)		X
Leisure	Quiet recreation	Computer	X	X	X	Leisure	Quiet recreation	Economy	X		X
		Football		X				Lack of energy	X		X
		Needle work	X	X	X			Own requirements			X
		Radio/Television	X		X			Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X
		Reading	X	X	X			Problems concentrating	X	X
								Problems with memory		X
								Worries			X
	Active recreation	Associations	X				Active recreation	Economy			X
		Dance			X			Initiate	X		X
		Exercise	X	X	X			Lack of energy	X	X	X
		Tennis		X				Lack of motivation			X
		Travel/trips	X	X	X			Own requirements		X
		Walks	X	X	X			Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
	Socialisation						Socialisation	Lack of energy	X	X	X
								Limited contacts	X	X	X
								Own requirements		X
								Performance (too little or not as wished)	X	X	X
								Time	X		X
								Want/need to restrict contacts	X		X

^aSL group.

^bReturn to work group.

^cWorking group.

Table 4. Performance of prioritized occupations in the occupational areas (COPM-P^V) and satisfaction with the occupational performance (COPM-S^VV) before and after occupational therapy treatment as well as 3 and 12 months afterwards.

Group	COPM-P baseline median	COPM-P after median	COPM-P 3 months median	COPM-P 12 months median	p Value within s amples^a	COPM-S baseline median	COPM-S after median	COPM-S 3 months median	COPM-S 12 months median	p Value within samples^a
	Personal care	Personal care	Personal care	Personal care		Personal care	Personal care	Personal care	Personal care
SL^b (n = 16)	5	5	6	6	1.00	2	4	5	4	1.00
RTW^c (n = 5)	4	6	8	6	1.00	1	5	8	4	0.20
W^d (n = 10)	4	6	7	7	0.02	2	7	8	8	1.00
P value between samples^e	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	0.68	0.60
	Functional mobility	Functional mobility	Functional mobility	Functional mobility		Functional mobility	Functional mobility	Functional mobility	Functional mobility
SL^b (n = 4)	4	4	3	3	–	3	4	6	4	–
RTW^c (n = 3)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
W^d (n = 4)	4	9	10	10	–	5	8	10	10	–
	Community management	Community management	Community management	Community management		Community management	Community management	Community management	Community management
SL^b (n = 11)	3	3	4	4	0.28	2	4	3	3	1.00
RTW^c (n = 6)	3	7	7	7	0.05	6	7	8	9	0.81
W^d (n = 4)	5	5	4	7	1.00	3	2	4	7	1.00
P value between samples^e	1.00	0.47	0.32	0.98		0.52	0.18	0.26	0.49
	Paid/unpaid work	Paid/unpaid work	Paid/unpaid work	Paid/unpaid work		Paid/unpaid work	Paid/unpaid work	Paid/unpaid work	Paid/unpaid work
SL^b (n = 17)	1	1	1	3*	0.02	1	1	1	2	0.08
RTW^c (n = 11)	2	2	6	8	<0.01	2	1	4	7	<0.01
W^d (n = 4)	7	8	9	9	0.91	3	8	9	8	0.23
P value between samples^e	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01		0.04	0.21	0.01	<0.01
	Household	Household	Household	Household		Household	Household	Household	Household
SL^b (n = 18)	3	4	4	5	0.10	2	4	5	5	1.00
RTW^c (n = 6)	4	8	8	9	0.82	3	8	8	9	0.23
W^d (n = 14)	4	7	7	8*	<0.01	4	7	7	8	<0.01
P value between samples^e	1.00	0.67	0.95	0.17		1.00	0.19	1.00	0.34
	Play/school	Play/school	Play/school	Play/school		Play/school	Play/school	Play/school	Play/school
SL^b (n = 2)	3	4	4	3	–	4	4	4	3	–
RTW^c (n = 2)	7	7	8	8	–	4	5	9	8	–
W^d (n = 1)	4	6	6	5	–	4	6	7	5	–
	Quiet recreation	Quiet recreation	Quiet recreation	Quiet recreation		Quiet recreation	Quiet recreation	Quiet recreation	Quiet recreation
SL^b (n = 9)	4	4	4	3	1.00	3	3	3	2	1.00
RTW^c (n = 8)	5	7	7	7	0.62	3	6	7	7	0.41
W^d (n = 7)	3	6	6	6	0.93	4	5*	5	6	0.61
P value between samples^e	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00	1.00	0.90
	Active recreation	Active recreation	Active recreation	Active recreation		Active recreation	Active recreation	Active recreation	Active recreation
SL^b (n = 14)	5	4	4	5	1.00	3	4	4	4	0.42
RTW^c (n = 9)	3	7	7	8	0.09	1	7	7	8	<0.01
W^d (n = 16)	2	5*	5	7	<0.01	2	6*	6	6	0.12
P value between samples^e	1.00	0.28	0.46	0.33		1.00	0.37	1.00	1.00
	Socialisation	Socialisation	Socialisation	Socialisation		Socialisation	Socialisation	Socialisation	Socialisation
SL^b (n = 21)	2	5*	4	6	<0.01	2	4*	3	5	<0.01
RTW^c (n = 12)	4	5	6	7	<0.01	2	4*	5	6	<0.01
W^d (n = 15)	5	6*	7	8	<0.01	4	6	7	8	<0.01
P value between samples^e	0.22	1.00	0.07	0.20		0.17	1.00	0.06	0.28

^aFriedman.

^bSL group.

^cReturn to work group.

^dWorking group.

^eKruskal Wallis.

Bold = Significant changes.

*Sign (0.05) within group (Wilcoxon) in relation to previous measurement. Bonferroni corrections have been conducted in relation to each occupational area.

^VCOPM-P: Canadian occupational performance measure-performance.

^VVCOPM-S: Canadian occupational performance measure-satisfaction with performance.