A Rasch analysis of the Danish version of the occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ11)

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics (n = 366).

Gender /n (%)
Female	252 (69%)
Male	114 (31%)
Age /n (%)
18–44	202 (55%)
45–64	173 (45%)
65+	11 (3%)
Education, years n (%)
Basic education 7–11	6 (2%)
High school/college 10–14	66 (18%)
University degree	294 (80%)

Table 2. The OBQ items (short form).

Item #	Item content
1	Having just enough to do during a regular week
2	Balance between doing things for others and for oneself
3	Time for doing things wanted
4	Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest, and sleep
5	Have sufficient time for doing obligatory occupations
6	Balance between physical, social, mental, and restful occupations
7	Satisfaction with how time is spent in everyday life
8	Satisfaction with the number of activities during a regular week
9	Balance between obligatory and voluntary occupations
10	Balance between energy-giving and energy-taking activities
11	Satisfaction with time spent in rest, recovery, and sleep

Figure 1. (a) ICC for item 7, (b) ICC for item 10, (c) ICC for item 11.

Table 3. Individual item location and fit of OBQ11-DK.

		Item statistics		Fit statistics
		Loc.	SE	FR	χ^2 (df)	p	LID
Initial analysis
Item 1	Having enough to do during a regular week	–0.65	0.09	2.14	8.49 (4)	0.075	Item 1 & 2: r = 0.13
Item 2	Balance between doing things for others/for oneself	0.03	0.09	1.23	6.80 (4)	0.147
Item 3	Time for doing things wanted	–0.72	0.10	1.83	4.96 (4)	0.291
Item 4	Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest and sleep	0.03	0.09	–2.30	13.16 (4)	0.011
Item 5	Have enough time for doing obligatory occupations	0.45	0.09	0.57	5.14 (4)	0.273	Item 5 & 7: r = 0.22
Item 6	Balance between physical, social, mental, and restful occupations	0.34	0.09	–2.06	6.35 (4)	0.174
Item 7	Satisfaction with how time is spent in everyday life	0.64	0.09	–3.49	10.68 (4)	0.030
Item 8	Satisfaction with the number of activities during a regular week	–0.37	0.09	0.59	5.85 (4)	0.210	Item 8 & 9: r = 0.10
Item 9	Balance between obligatory/voluntary occupations	–0.19	0.09	–2.27	4.56 (4)	0.336	Item 9 & 10: r = 0.12
Item 10	Balance between energy-giving/energy-taking activities	0.16	0.09	–2.90	9.41(4)	0.052
Item 11	Satisfaction with time spent in rest, recovery, and sleep	0.29	0.08	3.08	11.33 (4)	0.023
After removing 28 respondents with misfit residuals
Item 1	Having enough to do during a regular week	–0.74	0.10	1.35	6.21 (4)	0.184	Item 1 & 2: r = 0.11
Item 2	Balance between doing things for others/for oneself	0.04	0.09	0.92	7.05 (4)	0.133
Item 3	Time for doing things wanted	–0.67	0.11	2.18	5.69 (4)	0.223
Item 4	Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest and sleep	0.00	0.10	–2.24	13.85 (4)	0.008
Item 5	Have enough time for doing obligatory occupations	0.49	0.09	0.60	4.77 (4)	0.311	Item 5 & 7: r = 0.20
Item 6	Balance between physical, social, mental, and restful occupations	0.32	0.09	–1.72	5.98 (4)	0.201
Item 7	Satisfaction with how time is spent in everyday life	0.65	0.09	–3.11	8.50 (4)	0.064
Item 8	Satisfaction with the number of activities during a regular week	–0.38	0.10	0.85	4.91 (4)	0.296	Item 8 & 9: r = 0.14
Item 9	Balance between obligatory/voluntary occupations	–0.18	0.10	–1.97	4.12 (4)	0.390	Item 9 & 10: r = 0.11
Item 10	Balance between energy-giving/energy-taking activities	0.16	0.09	–2.33	7.27(4)	0.122
Item 11	Satisfaction with time spent in rest, recovery, and sleep	0.31	0.09	3.08	11.70 (4)	0.020
Optimal values				< ±2.5		>0.05^a	< 0.10^b

Abbreviations: Loc: item Location; SE: standard error; FR: fit residuals; LID: Local item dependence.

Bold indicates misfit (fit residuals that are above ±2.5 are set in bold).

^aBonferroni adjusted p = 0.005 for 11 items. ^bLID if r >0.2 above an average correlation of –0.10 resulting in an optimal value of 0.10.

Figure 2. DIF by age for item 7.

Figure 3. Person-item threshold distribution.

Table 4. Rasch analysis: summary of overall fit statistics for OBQ-DK .

Analysis	Item FR Mean (SD)	Person FR Mean (SD)	χ^2 (df)	P	Reliability		Unidimensionality T-test % (95% CI)
					PSI	Chronbach’s α
1. Initial	−0.33 (2.32)	−0.39 (1.40)	86.7 (44)	< 0.001	0.90	0.91	5.7	(3.4;7.9)
2. Delete 28 persons	−0.22 (2.11)	−0.21 (1.06)	80.5 (44)	0.001	0.90	0.91	7.1	(4.7;9.4)
3. Split item 7 by age to adjust DIF	−0.31 (2.01)	−0.23 (1.06)	83.9 (48)	0.001	0.90	N/A	N/A	N/A
Optimal fit	0 (1.40)	0 (1.40)		>0.05	>0.70		<5% or LCI <5%

Abbreviations and symbols: OBQ-DK, Danish version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire; FR, fit residual; (SD), Standard deviation; χ², Chi-square; (df), degrees of freedom; PSI, Person Separation Index; α, alpha; CI, Confidence interval; LCI, lower bound of 95% CI, DIF, Differential item function.