Exploring stakeholder experiences of interprofessional teamwork in sex development outpatient clinics

Figures & data

Table 1. Model of patient-centered care as adapted from Zill et al. (2015) and Scholl et al. (2014). Note the core elements are replicated within the framework of micro-, meso-, and macro-levels of engagement.

Categories	These do not all happen in a linear fashion but as a dynamic and iterative process. The movement is both horizontal and vertical at various points in the IPT interaction.
Micro-level enablers[Capability, courage and confidence]	Patient as a unique person dignity/rights to information and respect	Bio-psychosocial perspective Involvement of family and friends	Essential characteristics of professional(s)	Clinician–patient/parent relationship Shared decision-making Communication
	Patient/parent information Environment	Patient/parent involvement in emotional support
Meso-level activities[Integration of knowledge]	Professional-patient–parent communication—shared objectives and measure outcomes	Interprofessional education—patients as educators	Integration of medical and non-medical care (to families and each other), risk management	Teamwork and team building—knowledge translation
Macro-level principles[Broader collaboration]	Access to and continuity of care—transparency of information	Structured protocols, shared operating frameworks, managerial commitment	Patient/parent empowerment—support groups and peer support reference networks	Wider collaborations across organisations, research activities, lobby for change in healthcare reform, social policy, and emancipatory knowledge

Italics highlight author’s adaptation for application to DSD IPT working patterns with reference to the study findings and the WHO (2010) Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice.

Zill, J. M., Scholl, I., Härter, M., & Dirmaier, J. (2015). Which dimension of patient-centeredness matter? Results of a web-based expert Delphi study. Plos ONE, 10(11), 1–15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141978

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Scholl, I., Zill, J. M., Härter, M., & Dirmaier, J. (2014). How do health services researchers understand the concept of patient-centeredness? Results from an expert survey. Patient Preference and Adherence, 8, 1153–1160. doi:10.2147/PPA.S64051

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World Health Organization. (2010). Framework for action on interprofessional education & collaborative practice (WHO/HRH/HPN/10.3). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/

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