Fostering collaborative practice through interprofessional simulation for occupational therapy, physiotherapy, dietetics, and nursing students

Figures & data

Table 1. Timing of simulation in the degree program and proximity to full time placement.

Discipline	University semester in which simulation was situated	Position of simulation in relation to full time placements
Occupational therapy	Semester 1, Year 3 of 4 year degree	Immediately before placements
Physiotherapy	Semester 1, Year 2 of 2 year degree	Immediately before placements
Dietetics	Semester 1, Year 1 of 1.5 year degree	Immediately before placements
Nursing	Semester 1, Year 2 of 2 year degree	During placements

Table 2. Demographic characteristics.

	SPICE-R					ICCAS
	Total n (%)	Dietetics n (%)	PT n (%)	Nursing n (%)	OT n (%)	Total n (%)	Dietetics n (%)	PT n (%)	Nursing n (%)	OT n (%)
n	226	39	42	46	99	193	37	31	33	92
Age
18–24	147 (65)	27 (69)^a	15 (36)b	16 (35)^b	89 (90)^c	136 (71)	26 (70)^a	13 (42)a	13 (39)^a	84 (91)^b
25–34	65 (29)	9 (24)^a	24 (57)b	24 (52)^b	8 (8)^a	47 (24)	8 (22)^a,b,c	16 (52)c	16 (49)^a,c	7 (8)^b
35–44	10 (4)	2 (5)	2(5)	4 (9)	2 (2)	8 (4)	5 (5)^a,b	1 (3)a,b	4 (12)^a	1 (1)^b
45–54	4 (2)	1 (2)	1 (2)	2 (4)	0 (2)	2 (1)	1 (3)	1 (3)	0	0
Gender
Male	57 (25)	9 (23)^a	22 (52)b	12 (26)^a,b	14 (14)^a	143 (74)	10 (27)^a,b	17 (55)b	10 (30)^a,b	13 (14)^a
Female	169 (75)	30 (77)^a	20 (48)b	34 (74)^a,b	85 (86)^a	50 (26)	27 (73)^a,b	14 (45)b	23 (70)^a,b	79 (85)^a
International Student	46 (20)	6 (16)^a	19 (45)b	10 (22)^a,b	11 (11)^a	41 (21)	7 (19)^a,b	15 (48)b	9 (27)^a,b	11 (12)^a
Previous tertiary study	146 (65)	38 (97)^a	40 (95)a	43 (94)^a	25 (25)^b	116 (60)	36 (97)^a	29 (94)a	30 (91)^a	21 (23)^b
Worked in health setting	79 (35)	6 (15)^a	19 (45)b,c	27 (59)^c	27 (28)^a,b	63 (33)	5 (14)^a	15 (48)b,c	19 (58)^b	25 (27)^a,c

Differences between subscript letters indicates significant differences between professions for each measure p < .05.

Table 3. Median (IQR) score pre and post simulation activity for each SPICE-R domain by profession.

Domain	Dietetics (n = 39)		PT (n = 42)		Nursing (n = 46)		OT (n = 99)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
SPICER median score	4.5 (4.1–4.8)^a	4.7 (4.5–4.9)^a	4.5 (4.1–4.7)^a	4.7 (4.4–4.85)^a	4.15 (3.9–4.6)^b	4.6 (4.15–4.9)^a	4.3 (4.1–4.6)^ab	4.6 (4.5–4.8)^a
Interprofessional teamwork and team-based practice	4.5 (4.3–4.8)^a	4.8 (4.5–5.0)^a	4.5 (4.0–4.5)^a	4.8 (4.5–5.0)^a	4.0 (3.8–4.5)^b	4.8 (4.0–5.0)^a	4.3 (4.0–4.5)^ab	4.5 (4.5–4.8)^a
Roles/responsibilities for collaborative practice	4.3 (4.0–4.7)^a	4.7 (4.3–5.0)^a	4.3 (4.0–4.7)^a	4.5 (4.0–5.0)^a	4.0 (3.7–4.4)^a	4.3 (4.0–4.8)^a	4.0 (3.7–4.3)^a	4.3 (4.0–4.7)^a
Patient outcomes from collaborative practice	5.0 (4.3–5.0)^ab	5.0 (4.7–5.0)^a	5.0 (4.6–5.0)^a	5.0 (4.7–5.0)^a	4.5 (4.0–5.0)^b	5.0 (4.3–5.0)^a	4.7 (4.3–5.0)^ab	5.0 (4.7–5.0)^a

Median(IQR); differences between subscript letters indicates significant differences between professions at each time point p < .05.

Table 4. Median (IQR) score pre- and post-simulation activity for each ICCAS domain by profession.

Domain	Dietetics (n = 37)		PT (n = 31)		OT (n = 92)		Nursing (n = 33)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
ICASS median score	3.0 (2.65–3.83)^a	4.0 (3.23–4.6)^a	3.65 (2.75–4.05)^a	4.15 (3.9–4.6)^a	2.5 (2.15–2.8)^b	3.5 (3.2–3.85)^b	3.15 (2.75–3.75)^a	4.0 (3.63–4.8)^a
Communication	3.0 (2.5–3.7)^a	4.0 (3.0–4.7)^a	3.6 (2.8–4.2)^a	4.2 (3.8–4.8)^a	2.6 (2.2–2.8)^b	3.4 (3.0–3.75)^b	3.2 (2.8–3.7)^a	4.0 (3.4–4.3)^a
Collaboration	3.0 (2.3–3.7)^a	4.0 (3.0–4.7)^ab	3.7 (3.0–4.0)^a	4.0 (3.7–5.0)^a	2.3 (2.0–3.0)^b	3.3 (3.0–4.0)^b	3.0 (2.7–3.7)^a	4.0 (3.7–4.7)^a
Roles and responsibilities	3.0 (2.5–3.8)^a	4.0 (3.4–4.8)^a	3.3 (2.5–4.3)^a	4.3 (4.0–4.8)^a	2.4 (2.0–3.0)^b	3.5 (3.3–4.0)^b	3.0 (2.5–3.8)^a	4.0 (3.5–4.5)^a
Patient centred approach	3.0 (2.5–3.7)^a	4.0 (3.7–4.85)^a	3.3 (2.7–4.3)^a	4.3 (4.0–4.7)^a	2.3 (2.0–2.7)^b	3.7 (3.3–4.0)^b	3.0 (2.3–4.7)^a	4.0 (3.5–4.5)^a
Conflict	3.3 (2.85–4.0)^a	4.3 (3.3–4.7)^a	3.7 (3.3–4.7)^a	4.3 (4.0–5.0)^a	2.7 (2.3–3.0)^b	3.7 (3.3–4.0)^b	3.3 (3.0–4.0)^a	4.0 (3.7–4.7)^a
Team functioning	3.0 (2.25–3.75)^a	4.0 (3.0–4.5)^a	3.5 (3.0–4.0)^a	4.0 (3.5–4.5)^a	2.0 (2.0–2.5)^b	3.5 (3.0–4.0)^b	3.5 (2.0–4.0)^a	4.0 (3.5–4.25)^a

Median(IQR); differences between subscript letters indicates significant differences between professions at each time point p < .05.