Prevalence of high-risk HPV and cervical dysplasia in IUD users and controls: a cross sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of participating women in the screening programme, included women and their results in the HPV screening tests, follow-up histological and cytological tests and follow-up HPV tests.

Table 1. Odds of having an HPV infection in the screening tests in relation to reported contraceptive method.

Contraception	Total n	(%)	HPV positive n (%)	OR (95% CI)	aOR^1 (95% CI)
No reported contraception	9227	57	704 (7.6%)	Ref	Ref
Hormonal contraception	2573	15.9	278 (10.8)	1.47 (1.27–1.70)	1.41 (1.22–1.63)
LNG-IUS	2967	18.3	245 (8.3%)	1.09 (0.94–1.27)	1.21 (1.04–1.41)
Copper-IUD	1204	7.4	94 (7.8%)	1.03 (0.82–1.28)	1.01 (0.81–1.27)
Missing data	210	1.3

¹ Odds ratio adjusted for age.

Table 2. Odds of histologically confirmed HSIL + among HPV-positive cases in relation to reported contraceptive method.

Contraception	HPV-positive cases	HSIL + n (%)^1	OR (CI 95%)	aOR^2 (CI 95%)
No reported contraception	704	135 (19.2%)	Ref	Ref
Hormonal contraception	278	77 (27.7%)	1.62 (1.17–2.23)	1.56 (1.13–2.16)
LNG-IUS	245	60 (24.5%)	1.37 (0.97–1.93)	1.45 (1.02–2.06)
Copper-IUD	94	21 (22.3%)	1.21 (0.72–2.04)	1.17 (0.69–1.97)

¹ Percentage of HSIL + among HPV-positive cases.

² Odds ratio adjusted for age.

Table 3. Odds of HPV clearance in HPV-positive women without treatment in relation to reported contraceptive method.

Contraception	Total n	HPV clearance^1	OR	aOR^2
No reported contraception	458	331 (72.3%)	Ref	Ref
Hormonal contraception	180	124 (68.9%)	0.91 (0.65–1.28)	0.87 (0.59–1.26)
LNG-IUS	159	106 (66.7%)	0.76 (0.54–1.07)	0.73 (0.49–1.08)
Copper-IUD	60	46 (76.7%)	1.43 (0.79–2.57)	1.29 (0.68–2.42)

¹ Negative follow-up HPV test.

² Odds ratio for HPV clearance adjusted for age.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, LJ, upon reasonable request.