Metabolic syndrome and the older male population

Figures & data

Table I.  National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), World Health Organization (WHO), and International Diabetes Foundation definitions of metabolic syndrome.

NCEP definition	WHO definition	International Diabetes Foundation definition
At least 3 of following:	Hyperinsulinemia or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL	Central obesity (Waist circumference >94 cm in Caucasian men and >90 cm in Asian men and >80 cm for women).
• Fasting glucose greater than or equal to ≥110 mg/dL	PLUS
• Abdominal obesity with waist circumference	At least 2 of the following:	PLUS any 2 of the following:
○ >102 cm in men
○ >88 cm in women	• Abdominal obesity with waist to hip ratio	• Triglycerides >1.7 nmol/L (150 mg/dl)
• Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL	○ >0.9 in men	• Reduced HDL < 1.03 nmol/L (40 mg/dl) in males or <1.22 nmol/L (50 mg/dl) in females
• Serum HDL < 40 mg/dL	○ >0.85 in women	• Raised blood pressure >130 mmHg systolic or 85 mmHg diastolic
• Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg	• Dyslipidemia	• Raised fasting blood glucose >5.6 nmol/L (100 mg/dl)
	○ Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or HDL cholesterol < 35 mg/dL
	• Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg
	• Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or HDL cholesterol < 35 mg/dL

Figure 1. The increasing incidence of obesity in conjunction with increasing age overlaps to contribute to the presence of metabolic syndrome, which in turn directly increases rates of type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular disease.

Table II.  Table of adipocyte-derived proteins with significant endocrine function in metabolic syndrome.

Examples of metabolic syndrome regulators produced by adipose tissue
Adiponectin
Leptin
Resistin
Apelin
Visfatin
TNF-α
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1
Retinol-binding protein (RBP) – 4
FFAs