Vitamin D treatment improves levels of sexual hormones, metabolic parameters and erectile function in middle-aged vitamin D deficient men

Figures & data

Figure 1. Monitoring during vitamin D supplementation: mean values at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow-up. (1A) Vitamin D, (1B) Parathormone, (1C) Testosterone, (1D) Luteinizing Hormone, (1E) Estradiol, (1F) Prostate Specific Antigen, (1G) Total Cholesterol, (1H) Glycated Hemoglobin, (1I) Erectile function.

Table 1. Participant characteristics at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow-up.

Variable	Baseline	3 months	6 months	9 months	12 months	p*
25(OH)D (ng/mL)	15.16 ± 4.64	31.90 ± 15.99	37.23 ± 12.42	44.88 ± 14.49	48.54 ± 11.62	<0.001
PTH (pg/mL)	58.52 ± 28.99	45.67 ± 21.44	38.92 ± 19.25	41.96 ± 17.00	38.33 ± 19.44	<0.001
Sex hormones
TT (nmol/L)	12.46 ± 3.30	16.25 ± 3.68	15.98 ± 3.01	15.50 ± 2.37	15.99 ± 1.84	<0.001
LH (IU/L)	3.60 ± 1.37	3.79 ± 1.61	3.65 ± 1.63	3.54 ± 1.36	3.64 ± 1.37	0.574
Estradiol (pmol/L)	87.90 ± 27.16	75.51 ± 17.30	74.22 ± 16.85	71.44 ± 12.53	69.85 ± 14.80	0.001
Metabolic syndrome components
Anthropometry
BMI (kg/m^2)	33.91 ± 6.67	—	—	—	33.14 ± 6.35	0.001
Serum lipids (mmol/L)
TChol	4.49 ± 2.11	4.63 ± 1.91	4.57 ± 1.81	4.65 ± 1.71	4.64 ± 1.58	0.168
HDL-C	0.91 ± 0.23	1.09 ± 0.14	1.19 ± 0.19	1.19 ± 0.22	1.20 ± 0.22	0.150
LDL-C	2.91 ± 0.86	2.64 ± 0.63	2.62 ± 0.48	2.77 ± 0.76	2.68 ± 0.42	0.001
TGL	1.61 ± 0.51	1.54 ± 0.39	1.44 ± 0.36	1.42 ± 0.38	1.44 ± 0.46	0.035
Diabetes control
HbA1c (%)	7.41 ± 2.85	—	6.93 ± 2.27	6.80 ± 1.97	6.66 ± 1.67	0.001
Erectile function
IIEF-5 score	13.88 ± 3.96	17.54 ± 3.05	18.94 ± 3.92	19.17 ± 3.31	20.25 ± 3.24	<0.001
Prostate marker
PSA (ng/mL)	0.59 ± 0.30	0.83 ± 0.38	0.89 ± 0.43	0.80 ± 0.40	0.82 ± 0.39	<0.001

Cell values represent means ± SD; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH: parathyroid hormone; TT: Total testosterone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; BMI: Body Mass Index; TChol: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TGL: Triglycerides; HbA1c: Glycated Hemoglobin; IIEF-5: International Index of Erectile Function-5; PSA: Prostate Specific Antigen; —: not measured.

* ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment correction for pairwise comparison.

TT: p < 0.0001 for all pairs except 3 months versus 6, 9 and 12 months; 6 versus 9 months, 12 months, 9 versus 12 months (p > 0.05). Vitamin D: p < 0.0001 for all pairs except 3 months versus 6 months; 9 months versus 12 months (p > 0.05).