Association between hand-grip strength and erectile dysfunction in older men

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristic of the study population.

Variable	None to mild ED (n = 616)	Moderate to severe ED (n = 1092)	p value
Age, years	66.6 ± 6.3	73.0 ± 6.7	<.001
Marital status (single), %	46 (7.5)	111 (10.2)	.064
BMI, kg/m^2	24.5 ± 2.6	23.7 ± 2.7	<.001
Waist circumference, cm	85.4 ± 7.0	84.7 ± 7.6	.070
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	123.2 ± 15.8	124.8 ± 16.2	.048
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	75.7 ± 11.7	72.4 ± 11.0	<.001
Pulse wave velocity, cm/s	1622.7 ± 287.8	1776.2 ± 359.6	<.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	179.6 ± 32.8	170.9 ± 36.3	<.001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	113.6 ± 86.2	104.4 ± 81.1	.027
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	49.1 ± 10.6	48.0 ± 12.1	.066
HbA1c, %	5.8 ± 0.7	6.0 ± 0.9	<.001
Glomerular filtration rate, mg/dL	69.6 ± 12.2	65.5 ± 13.7	<.001
Handgrip strength, kg	36.9 ± 5.8	33.2 ± 6.2	<.001
Good self-rated health,	268 (43.5)	316 (28.9)	<.001
Current smoking, %	78 (12.7)	152 (13.9)	.465
Alcohol consumption, %			<.001
None	141 (22.9)	343 (31.4)
1–7 drinks per week	270 (43.8)	490 (44.9)
Eight or more drinks per week	205 (33.3)	259 (23.7)
Moderate-intensity physical activity, %	197 (32.0)	262 (24.0)	<.001
Hypertension medication use, %	259 (42.0)	522 (47.8)	.022
Diabetes medication use, %	83 (13.5)	273 (25.0)	<.001
Dyslipidemia medication use, %	97 (15.7)	180 (16.5)	.692
History of coronary heart disease, %	34 (5.5)	127 (11.6)	<.001
History of stroke, %	25 (4.1)	63 (5.8)	.303
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (above 30), %	88 (14.3)	229 (21.0)	.001
Ankle brachial index (less than 0.9), %	8 (1.3)	33 ( 3.0)	.025

Figure 1. Age-adjusted erectile function score according to quartile of handgrip strength (kg).

Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Variable	Crude OR(95% CI)	p value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p value
Age, years	1.15 (1.13–1.17)	<.001	1.13 (1.11–1.16)	<.001
Marital status (single), %	1.40 (0.98–2.01)	.065	1.21 (0.80–1.86)	.367
BMI, kg/m^2	0.91 (0.87–0.94)	<.001	0.95 (0.88–1.01)	.115
Waist circumference, 10 cm	0.88 (0.77–1.01)	.007	1.09 (0.85–1.41)	.500
Systolic blood pressure, 10 mmHg	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	.048	0.98 (0.88–1.09)	.727
Diastolic blood pressure, 10 mmHg	0.77 (0.71–0.84)	<.001	0.94 (0.82–1.09)	.427
Pulse wave velocity, 10 cm/s	1.02 (1.01–1.02)	<.001	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	.327
Total cholesterol, 10 mg/dL	0.93 (0.91–0.96)	<.001	0.98 (0.94–1.02)	.312
Log triglyceride, mg/dL	0.65 (0.45–0.95)	.026	1.31 (0.77–2.24)	.323
HDL cholesterol, 10 mg/dL	0.92 (0.85–1.01)	.066	1.07 (0.94–1.20)	.312
HbA1c, %	1.47 (1.28–1.69)	<.001	1.29 (1.07–1.56)	.008
Glomerular filtration rate, mg/dL	0.98 (0.97–0.98)	<.001	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	.468
Handgrip strength, 5 kg	0.60 (0.55–0.65)	<.001	0.86 (0.78–0.96)	.007
Good self-rated health, %	0.53 (0.43-0.65)	<.001	0.56 (0.44–0.72)	<.001
Current smoking, %	1.12 (0.83–1.45)	.465	1.33 (0.94–1.90)	.109
Alcohol consumption, %
None	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
1–7 drinks per week	0.75 (0.58–0.95)	.020	1.00 (0.75–1.33)	.985
Eight or more drinks per week	0.52 (0.40–0.68)	<.001	0.81 (0.58–1.12)	.203
Moderate-intensity physical activity, %	0.67 (0.54–0.84)	<.001	0.69 (0.54–0.90)	.005
Hypertension medication use, %	1.26 (1.03–1.54)	.022	0.94 (0.73–1.21)	.608
Diabetes medication use, %	2.14 (1.64–2.80)	<.001	1.19 (0.81–1.76)	.365
Dyslipidemia medication use, %	1.06 (0.81–1.38)	.692	0.95 (0.69–1.32)	.766
History of coronary heart disease %	2.25 (1.52–3.33)	<.001	1.44 (0.92–2.29)	.116
History of stroke, %	1.45 (0.90–2.33)	.126	1.18 (0.69–2.05)	.553
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (above 30), %	1.59 (1.22–2.08)	.001	1.01 (0.73–1.41)	.961
Ankle brachial index (less than 0.9), %	2.37 (1.09–5.16)	.030	0.83 (0.36–2.08)	.666