Evaluation of the relationship of the T and M stage with the erector spinae muscle area in male lung cancer patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. The Flowchart describes that how patients were selected.

Boxed table showing the inclusion of 226 patients in the study, showing that 40 patients were excluded from the non-contrast CT images of 266 lung cancer patients because they did not meet the study criteria.

Figure 2. Left to right: (A) The axial computed tomography (CT) image was taken from the T12 vertebra spinous process level. (B) Measurement of the erector spinae muscle area (ESMa) on the axial CT section (window length, 40; window width, 300 HU). The threshold was set at −29 to +150 HU. ESMa was manually drawn on both sides using freehand regions of interest.

(A) An axial section of the patient taken from the T12 level on computed tomography. (B) After making various adjustments in axial computed tomography section, we drawed the perimeter of the erector spinae muscle area and calculated the area.

Table 1. Ages of the patients according to the T and M stage, histopathological subtypes.

T classification/M category	Number	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	p Value
	T stage
T1	34	67.74	8.55	50	84
T2	46	69.02	9.85	44	86
T3	59	70.63	9.86	51	89
T4	87	70.97	9.57	49	94
Total	226	70.00	9.57	44	94	.32
	M stage
Metastatic	83	71.77	10.08	44	91
Non-metastatic	143	68.97	9.14	49	94
Total	226	70.00	9.57	44	94	.03
	Histopathological subtypes
Other	35	69.26	9.14	49	94
Small cell carcinoma	15	73	8.97	63	87
Squamous cell carcinoma	96	70.41	10.13	44	89
Adenocarcinoma	80	69.46	8.34	49	91
Total	226	70.00	9.57	44	94	.488

Note: SD: standard deviation. .03 p value indicate <0.05 and significant.

Table 2. Erector spinae muscle area values of the patients according to the T and M stage.

T stage/M stage/histopathological subtypes	Number	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	p Value
	T stage
T1	34	34.52	7.22	20.27	53.94
T2	46	35.39	6.81	16.97	53.23
T3	59	32.98	7.06	12.76	48.07
T4	87	34.14	7.50	17.53	52.98
Total	226	34.15	7.21	12.76	53.94	.39
	M stage
Metastatic	83	30.42	6.38	12.76	44.70
Non-metastatic	143	36.32	6.78	17.53	53.94
Total	226	34.15	7.21	12.76	53.94	.0001

Note: SD: standard deviation.

Table 3. Erector spinae muscle area values of the patients according to the histopathological subtypes.

T stage/M stage/histopathological subtypes	Number	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	p Value
	Histopathological subtypes
Other	35	33.49	8.82	17.53	53.94
Small cell carcinoma	15	31.44	7.25	19.26	42.90
Squamous cell carcinoma	96	36.21	6.97	12.76	53.23
Adenocarcinoma	80	32.48	6.10	14.04	45.29
Total	226	34.15	7.21	12.76	53.94	.002*

Note: SD: standard deviation.

*p significant at .003 in the comparison between the squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups.

Table 4. Post hoc analysis (Bonferroni) of ESMa measurements for histopathological subtypes.

Histopathological subtypes		Mean difference	Standard Errorlan öğrenciler	Significance
Other	Small cell carcinoma	2.04971	2.16772	1.000
	Squamous cell carcinoma	−2.72608	1.38696	0.304
	Adenocarcinoma	1.01221	1.42353	1.000
Small cell carcinoma	Other	2.04971	2.16772	1.000
	Squamous cell carcinoma	−4.77579	1.95019	0.091
	Adenocarcinoma	−1.07350	1.97637	1.000
Squamous cell carcinoma	Other	2.72608	1.38696	0.304
	Small cell carcinoma	4.77579	1.95019	0.091
	Adenocarcinoma	3.73829*	1.06334	0.003
Adenocarcinoma	Other	−1.01221	1.42353	1.000
	Small cell carcinoma	1.07350	1.97637	1.000
	Squamous cell carcinoma	−3.73829*	1.06334	0.003

Figure 3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the ESMa for the differentiation between the metastatic and non-metastatic groups.

Graph showing the specificity and sensitivity values of the erector spinae muscle area in metastatic and non-metastatic groups.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.