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Research Article

Do testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin affect cancer risk? A Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics study

ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2261524 | Received 17 Jul 2023, Accepted 18 Sep 2023, Published online: 07 Nov 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Details of studies included in Mendelian randomization analyses.

Table 2. Details of studies of confounders and mediators.

Table 3. Mendelian Randomized estimation of the relationship between total testosterone and SHBG and the histological types of pan-cancer.

Figure 1. Correlation analysis between SHBG and prostate cancer enrichment pathway in men.

A–C. Bar charts show the results of the GO enrichment analyses for SHBG and prostate cancer in males, cellular component (A), molecular function (B), and biological process (C), respectively. A darker blue indicates a lower P value.

D. Bubble chart shows the results of the GO enrichment analysis for SHBG and prostate cancer in males. The size of the circle represents the amount of enrichment, and the larger the circle, the more enrichment data. A darker blue indicates a smaller p-value.

Figure 1. Correlation analysis between SHBG and prostate cancer enrichment pathway in men.A–C. Bar charts show the results of the GO enrichment analyses for SHBG and prostate cancer in males, cellular component (A), molecular function (B), and biological process (C), respectively. A darker blue indicates a lower P value.D. Bubble chart shows the results of the GO enrichment analysis for SHBG and prostate cancer in males. The size of the circle represents the amount of enrichment, and the larger the circle, the more enrichment data. A darker blue indicates a smaller p-value.

Figure 2. Correlation analysis between SHBG and breast cancer enrichment pathway in men.

A-C Bar charts showing GO enrichment analyses for SHBG and breast cancer in males, including Cellular Component (A), Molecular Function (B), and Biological Process (C), respectively.

Figure 2. Correlation analysis between SHBG and breast cancer enrichment pathway in men.A-C Bar charts showing GO enrichment analyses for SHBG and breast cancer in males, including Cellular Component (A), Molecular Function (B), and Biological Process (C), respectively.

Figure 3. Correlation analysis of total and breast cancer enrichment pathway in women.

A–C. Bar charts showing the results of the GO enrichment analyses for total and breast cancer in females, including Cellular Component (A), Molecular Function (B), and Biological Process (C), respectively.

D. Bubble chart showing results of KEGG enrichment analysis of total and breast cancer in females. The size of the circle represents the amount of enrichment, and the larger the circle, the more enrichment data. A darker blue indicates a smaller p-value.

Figure 3. Correlation analysis of total and breast cancer enrichment pathway in women.A–C. Bar charts showing the results of the GO enrichment analyses for total and breast cancer in females, including Cellular Component (A), Molecular Function (B), and Biological Process (C), respectively.D. Bubble chart showing results of KEGG enrichment analysis of total and breast cancer in females. The size of the circle represents the amount of enrichment, and the larger the circle, the more enrichment data. A darker blue indicates a smaller p-value.

Table 4. MR-Egger pleiotropy test of the associations between total testosterone and SHBG and the histological types of pan-cancer.

Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.