Efficacy and safety of PDE5 inhibitors in middle-aged and old patients with and without hypogonadism

Figures & data

Figure 1. The common systemic and sexual health risk factors related to ED and the differences in responsiveness to PDE5i between ED patients with and without hypogonadism. ED: erectile dysfunction; PDE5-is: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; RP: radical prostatectomy; PPRF: psychological and partner relationship factors; LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms; DM: diabetes mellitus. “…” represents classification of risk factors of ED. “.-.-.” represents treatment. “——” represents causal relationship.

Table 1. An overview of common drugs which may affect erectile function.

Classification	Pharmacotherapeutic group	Common drugs
Cardiovascular drugs	Beta-blockers Thiazide diuretics Anti-mineralocorticoid diuretics Dihydropyridine derivatives HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors	Metoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol, propranolol Hydrochlorothiazide, chlortalidone Spironolactone Amlodipine Simvastatin, atorvastatin
Antiandrogens	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Alpha-reductase inhibitors	Leuprolide Finasteride, dutasteride
Psychotropic drugs	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Other antidepressants	Paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram Venlafaxine, duloxetine, clomipramine
Other drugs	α-Adrenoreceptor antagonists Biguanides Proton pump inhibitors Centrally acting sympathomimetics	Tamsulosin Metformin Omeprazole Methylphenidate