Erectile dysfunction in patient with obstructive sleep apnea: effects of continuous positive airway pressure

Figures & data

Table 1. General characteristics (n = 87).

	Erectile dysfunction (n = 63)	Control (n = 24)	p Value
Age	53.51 ± 12.68	46.83 ± 11.00	0.040
BMI	27.36 ± 4.50	26.31 ± 3.41	0.304
ISI	11.95 ± 7.02	8.17 ± 5.41	0.025
SSS	2.76 ± 1.20	2.38 ± 1.24	0.091
ESS	8.51 ± 5.02	6.50 ± 3.43	0.114
PSQI	9.18 ± 3.75	7.46 ± 3.81	0.065
BDI	12.11 ± 8.94	8.50 ± 5.28	0.119
BAI	8.41 ± 8.49	4.79 ± 4.09	0.100
SF36_M	68.57 ± 17.91	77.33 ± 15.95	0.009
SF36_P	66.95 ± 18.10	77.75 ± 13.94	0.008
SF36_T	70.65 ± 18.00	80.79 ± 15.58	0.012
AHI	38.69 ± 21.45	37.07 ± 20.82	0.790
Mild	11 (17.5)	3 (12.5)	0.628^#
Moderate	14 (22.2)	8 (33.3)	–
Severe	38 (60.3)	13 (54.2)	–
Min SaO2	78.17 ± 7.92	80.30 ± 6.74	0.370
Mean SaO2	93.48 ± 4.96	94.53 ± 2.26	0.329
IIEF score	14.97 ± 4.81	23.21 ± 1.10	<0.001
Diabetes	6 (9.5)	0	0.181^#
Hypertension	17 (27.0)	2 (8.3)	0.082^#

BMI: body mass index; ISI: Insomnia severity index; SSS: Stanford sleepiness scale; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; PSQI: Pittsburg’s sleep quality index; BDI-2: Beck depression inventory–second edition; SF36-M: short-form health survey-mental health; SF36-P: short-form health survey-physical health; SF36-T: short-form health survey-total; IIEF: International index of erectile function; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; ED: erectile dysfunction/Mann–Whitney.

^#Fisher’s exact test.

Table 2. Erectile dysfunction improvement by duration of CPAP use (N = 63).

	CPAP use ≥ 4 h (n = 55)	CPAP use < 4 h (n = 8)	p Value
IIEF (pre-treatment)	14.89 ± 4.86	15.50 ± 4.72	0.741
Severe ED	6 (10.9)	0	0.671^#
Moderate ED	8 (14.5)	2 (25.0)	–
Mild ED	41 (74.5)	6 (75.0)	–
IIEF (post-treatment)	16.69 ± 5.47	16.63 ± 5.78	0.947
Severe ED	4 (7.3)	0	0.226^#
Moderate ED	7 (12.7)	3 (37.5)	–
Mild ED	33 (60.0)	3 (37.5)	–
Normal	11 (20.0)	2 (25.0)	–

CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; IIEF: International index of erectile function; ED: Erectile dysfunction/Mann–Whitney.

^#Fisher’s exact test.

Table 3. Influential factors in erectile dysfunction improvements (n = 63).

	Improvement group (n = 42)	No-improvement group (n = 21)	p Value
Age	52.38 ± 13.74	55.76 ± 10.18	0.275
BMI	27.63 ± 4.88	26.83 ± 3.69	0.646
Diabetes	3 (7.1)	3 (14.3)	0.391^#
Hypertension	7 (33.3)	10 (23.8)	0.549^#
ISI	11.36 ± 6.97	13.14 ± 7.14	0.336
SSS	2.74 ± 1.15	2.81 ± 1.33	0.817
ESS	8.29 ± 5.14	8.95 ± 4.86	0.461
PSQI	8.76 ± 3.61	10.00 ± 3.96	0.188
BDI	12.17 ± 9.53	12.00 ± 7.84	0.831
BAI	8.10 ± 8.31	9.05 ± 9.02	0.671
SF36_MH	66.60 ± 17.68	72.52 ± 18.15	0.250
SF36_PH	65.55 ± 17.04	69.76 ± 20.22	0.326
SF36_Tot	69.21 ± 17.07	73.52 ± 19.85	0.291
Baseline AHI	36.50 ± 22.23	43.07 ± 19.56	0.175
Residual AHI	2.09 ± 1.76	2.77 ± 2.09	0.275
CPAP treatment time per day (hour, based on total days)	4.68 ± 1.74	5.05 ± 1.61	0.449
CPAP treatment time per day (hours, based on using day)	5.54 ± 1.38	5.82 ± 1.19	0.424

BMI: body mass index; ISI: Insomnia severity index; SSS: Stanford sleepiness scale; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; PSQI: Pittsburg’s sleep quality index; BDI: Beck depression inventory; BAI: Beck Anxiety inventory; SF36-v2: short-form health survey version 2; IIEF: International index of erectile function; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; ED: Erectile dysfunction/Mann–Whitney.

^#Fisher’s exact test.

Table 4. Major factors contributing to erectile dysfunction (n = 63).

	IIEF post–pre
Age	−0.049 (0.704)
BMI	0.063 (0.623)
ISI	−0.013 (0.921)
SSS	0.051 (0.689)
ESS	−0.090 (0.483)
PSQI	−0.091 (0.480)
BDI	0.142 (0.268)
BAI	0.096 (0.453)
SF36_MH	−0.226 (0.076)
SF36_PH	−0.236 (0.063)
SF36_Tot	−0.271 (0.032)
Baseline AHI	−0.173 (0.175)
CPAP treatment time per day (hours, based on total days)	−0.023 (0.859)
CPAP treatment time per day (hours, based on using day)	−0.031 (0.809)

Spearman, BMI: body mass index; ISI: Insomnia severity index; SSS: Stanford sleepiness scale;ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; PSQI: Pittsburg’s sleep quality index; BDI: Beck depression inventory; BAI: Beck anxiety inventory; SF36-v2: Short-form health survey version 2; AHI: apnea hypopnea index.