Economic burden of skeletal-related events in patients with multiple myeloma: analysis of US commercial claims database

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sample attrition, by reason.

Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics in SRE vs non-SRE patients after propensity score matching.

Characteristic	SRE cohort (n = 848)	Non-SRE cohort (n = 848)	p-value**
Age, years			.0730
<45	32 (3.8%)	53 (6.2%)
45–54	174 (20.5%)	142 (16.8%)
55–64	375 (44.2%)	379 (44.7%)
≥65	267 (31.5%)	274 (32.3%)
Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)	2.0 (2.4)	2.1 (2.4)	.2354
Amyloidosis, n (%)	18 (2.1%)	26 (3.1%)	.217
Anemia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, n (%)	467 (55.1%)	462 (54.5%)	.8066
Angina, n (%)	328 (38.7%)	333 (39.3%)	.7952
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	130 (15.3%)	133 (15.7)	.8401
Congestive heart failure, n (%)	66 (7.8%)	82 (9.7%)	.1701
GI bleeding, n (%)	48 (5.7%)	48 (5.8%)	.9165
Hypercalcemia, n (%)	110 (13.0%)	107 (12.6%)	.8254
Hypertension, n (%)	468 (55.2%)	456 (53.8%)	.5544
Myocardial infarction, n (%)	26 (3.1%)	34 (4.0%)	.2935
Osteoporosis, n (%)	123 (14.5%)	94 (11.1%)	.0349
Peripheral neuropathy, n (%)	340 (40.1%)	311 (36.7%)	.1506
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)	204 (24.1%)	248 (29.3%)	.0148
Pneumonia, n (%)	102 (12.1%)	106 (12.5%)	.7656
Stroke, n (%)	61 (7.2%)	71 (8.4%)	.3692
Venous thrombosis, n (%)	38 (4.5%)	44 (5.2%)	.4913
Bisphosphonate use, n (%)	178 (21.0%)	163 (19.2%)	.3278
Zoledronic acid, n (%)	159 (18.8%)	140 (16.5%)
Pamidronate disodium, n (%)	22 (2.6%)	25 (3.0%)
Opioid analgesic use,* n (%)	395 (46.6%)	416 (49.1%)	.2382
Anti-myeloma therapy use,* n (%)			.8458
Immunomodulator based, n (%)	44 (5.2%)	44 (5.2%)
Proteasome inhibitor based, n (%)	187 (22.1%)	188 (22.2%)
Other combinations, n (%)	13 (1.5%)	14 (1.7%)
No treatment, n (%)	604 (71.2%)	602 (71.0%)
Stem cell transplant,* n (%)	52 (6.1%)	62 (7.3%)	.3359
Proportion of patients with second line therapy,* n (%)	97 (11.4%)	101 (11.9%)	.7604

Abbreviations. n, number; SRE, skeletal-related event.

* Assessed from multiple myeloma index date to first SRE diagnosis.

** McNemar’s test for categorical and Wilcoxon signed rank test for continuous variables.

Figure 2. Healthcare costs in skeletal-related events (SRE) vs non-SRE patients (USD, PPPY (per-patient-per-year)). * Wilcoxon tests were used to compare groups.

Table 2. Healthcare resource use in propensity score matched SRE vs non-SRE patients.*

Resource type	SRE cohort (n = 848)	Non-SRE cohort (n = 848)	p-value**
Patients with a hospitalization, n (%)	614 (72.4%)	349 (41.2%)	<.0001
Number of hospital visits, mean (SD)	1.7 (±2.7)	0.7 (±2.0)	<.0001
ED visit, n (%)	471 (55.5%)	364 (42.9%)	<.0001
Number of ED visits, mean (SD)	1.1 (±2.0)	0.7 (±1.4)	<.0001
Physician office visit, n (%)	842 (99.3%)	833 (98.2%)	.050
Number of physician office visits, mean (SD)	38.2 (±30.5)	28.4 (±31.3)	<.0001
Ancillary outpatient visit, n (%)	848 (100.0%)	831 (98.0%)	<.0001
Number of ancillary outpatient visits, mean (SD)	76.5 (±55.2)	49.2 (±46.7)	<.0001
Pharmacy claims, n (%)	812 (95.8%)	785 (92.6%)	.007
Number of outpatient pharmacy claims, mean (SD)	53.3 (±36.7)	43.3 (±33.4)	<.0001
In-office infusion/injection claims, n (%)	741 (87.4%)	659 (77.7%)	<.0001
Number of in-office infusion/injection claims, mean (SD)	17.9 (±21.3)	11.8 (±17.7)	<.0001

Abbreviations. ED, Emergency Department; SD, standard deviation; SRE, skeletal-related events.

* Follow-up time was variable. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 21.2 (14.5) months for SRE patients and 22.0 (15.3) months for non-SRE patients (p = .280).

** McNemar (categorical variables) and Wilcoxon Tests (continuous variables).