In Vitro. and In Vivo. Evaluation of Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Cissus quadrangularis.

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis. (CQE) on lipid peroxide production in human erythrocytes. Data represents mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, statistically significant from control.

Table 1.. In vitro. antioxidant/free-radical scavenging activity of CQE on DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl free-radical formation

	Dose (µg/ml)	DPPH free-radical inhibition (%)	Superoxide radical inhibition (%)	Hydroxyl radical Inhibition (%)
Control	—	—	—	—
CQE	100	27.5 ± 1.9^a.	29.5 ± 1.5^a.	33.8 ± 1.1^a.
	200	40.8 ± 3.7^a.	41.6 ± 2.4^a.	47.6 ± 2.8^a.
	400	51.8 ± 6.8^a.	59.1 ± 3.1^a.	59.8 ± 3.4^a.
	600	58.5 ± 6.1^a.	63.7 ± 4.9^a.	67.5 ± 5.8^a.
	800	60.9 ± 7.6^a.	68.5 ± 3.8^a.	71.7 ± 4.1^a.
	1000	75.6 ± 7.8^a.	75.3 ± 5.3^a.	80.1 ± 6.7^a.
Catechin	1000	79.3 ± 8.1^a.	79.9 ± 6.8^a.	78.4 ± 6.9^a.

CQE, methanol extract of C. quadrangularis..

Data represents the mean ± SD.

^a.p < 0.001, statistically significant from control.

Table 2.. Effect of CQE and silymarin on AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in CCl₄-induced rats

Groups	AST	ALT	ALP
I	28.9 ± 2.6	4.21 ± 0.28	179.4 ± 6.8
II	42.1 ± 4.6^a.	5.34 ± 0.36^a.	213.6 ± 15.2^a.
III	34.6 ± 2.9^b.	4.75 ± 0.32^b.	196.8 ± 8.2^b.
IV	39.2 ± 3.5^b.′	5.07 ± 0.41^b.′	209.4 ± 13.9^b.′
V	35.6 ± 2.1^b.	4.67 ± 0.31^b.	189.5 ± 10.4^b.

CQE, methanol extract of C. quadrangularis.; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.

Each value represents the mean ± SD of 6 animals. AST and ALT: pyruvate liberated/min per mg protein; ALP: µmol phenol liberated/min per mg protein.

^a.p < 0.001 statistically significant in comparison with group I and ^b.′p < 0.05.

^b.p < 0.001 statistically significant in comparison with group II.

Table 3.. Effect of CQE and silymarin on the levels of tissue malondialdehyde in CCl₄-induced rats

Groups	Hydrogen peroxide induced^x	Ascorbate induced^x	Ferrous sulfate induced^x
I	3.93 ± 0.25	4.09 ± 0.33	6.3 ± 0.51
II	6.17 ± 0.49^a.	6.49 ± 0.43^a.	9.6 ± 0.76^a.
III	4.29 ± 0.39^b.	4.73 ± 0.29^b.	6.6 ± 0.67^b.
IV	5.35 ± 0.43^b.′	5.95 ± 0.36^b.′	8.1 ± 0.70^b.′
V	4.04 ± 0.28^b.	4.71 ± 0.34^b.	6.4 ± 0.69^b.

CQE, methanol extract of C. quadrangularis..

Each value represents the mean ± SD of 6 animals. Lipid peroxidation^x–nanomoles of malondialdehyde formed/mg protein.

^a.p < 0.001 statistically significant in comparison with group I and ^b.′p < 0.05.

^b.p < 0.001 statistically significant in comparison with group II.

Table 4.. Effect of CQE and silymarin on SOD, CAT, GPx, GST enzymes and GSH levels in CCl₄-induced rats

Groups	SOD	CAT	GPx	GST	GSH
I	5.93 ± 0.45	55.4 ± 6.8	4.91 ± 0.52	1.43 ± 0.11	5.54 ± 0.48
II	3.17 ± 0.19^a.	33.6 ± 2.5^a.	2.01 ± 0.31^a.	0.49 ± 0.04^a.	3.09 ± 0.21^a.
III	4.73 ± 0.34^b.	41.8 ± 5.4^b.	3.86 ± 0.42^b.	1.09 ± 0.99^b.	4.99 ± 0.39^b.
IV	3.85 ± 0.26^b.′	36.9 ± 4.8^b.′	2.73 ± 0.39^b.′	0.81 ± 0.08^b.′	4.31 ± 0.28^b.′
V	5.01 ± 0.48^b.	46.3 ± 3.1^b.	4.03 ± 0.47^b.	1.21 ± 0.11^b.	5.23 ± 0.45^b.

CQE, methanol extract of C. quadrangularis.; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione-S.-transferase; GSH, reduced glutathione.

Each value represents the mean ± SD of 6 animals. SOD, units/mg protein; CAT, µmol of H₂O₂ consumed/min per mg protein; GPx, µg of GSH utilized/min per mg protein; GST, Units/mg protein; GSH, nmoles/min per mg protein.

^a.p < 0.001 statistically significant in comparison with group I and ^b.′p < 0.05.

^b.p < 0.001 statistically significant in comparison with group II.