Inhibitory Effects of 87 Species of Traditional Chinese Herbs on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophages, Activated with Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ

Figures & data

Table 1 Inhibitory activity of 87 species of traditional Chinese herbs on NO production by a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7, activated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ and the viability of macrophage by the MTT assay.

No.	Plant	Family	Plant part	NO^a.	IC50(µg/ml)	MTT^b.
1	Gendarussa ventricosa. (Wall.) Nees	Acanthaceae	Whole plant	22.02	—	107.53
2	Mananthus patentiflora. (Hemsl.) Bremek.	Acanthaceae	Whole plant	48.53	—	97.21
3	Actinidia chinensis. Planch. var. setosa. Li	Actinicliaceae	Stem	12.60	—	101.60
4	Actinidia collosa. Lindl.	Actinicliaceae	Stem	20.33	—	100.28
5	Actinidia latifolia. (Gardn. & Champ.) Merr.	Actinicliaceae	Stem	14.43	—	109.03
6	Actinidia rubricaulis. Dunn	Actinicliaceae	Stem	20.33	—	92.74
7	Achyranthes aspera. L.	Amaranthaceae	Root	72.41	—	97.39
8	Aristolochia fangchi. Y.C. Wu, L.D. Chow & S.M. Hwang	Aristolochiaceae	Root	48.46	—	110.76
9	Aristolochia kaempferi. Willd. f. heterophylla. (Hemsl.) S.M. Hwang	Aristolochiaceae	Root	103.37	—	38.47
10	Aristolochia moupinensis. Franch.	Aristolochiaceae	Stem	67.89	—	114.6
11	Mahonia bealei. (Fort.) Carr.	Berberidaceae	Stem	62.45	—	106.56
12	Ananas comosus. (L.) Merr.	Bromeliaceae	Peel	36.72	—	99.36
13	Lobelia chinensis. Lour. [L. radicans. Thunb.]	Campanulaceae	Whole plant	24.59	—	110.51
14	Lonicera hypoglauca. Miq.	Caprifoliaceae	Dry flower bud	66.18	—	91.27
15	Drymaria cordata. (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.	Caryophyllaceae	Whole plant	28.42	—	96.3
16	Euonymus fortunei. (Turcz.) Hand. Mazz.	Celastraceae	Twig with leaf	36.72	—	107.1
17	Laggera alata. (D. Don) Sch. Bip. ex Oliv.	Compositae	Whole plant	30.75	—	113.29
18	Blumea balsamifera. (L.) DC.	Compositae	Whole plant	105.81	30.03	80.52
19	Centipeda minima. (L.) A. Br. & Ascher.	Compositae	Whole plant	104.56	7.34	78.65
20	Elephantopus scaber. L.	Compositae	Whole plant	34.02	—	111.39
21	Kalimeris indica. (L.) Sch. Bip.	Compositae	Whole plant	91.91	32.37	93.34
22	Senecio scandens. Buch. Ham.	Compositae	Whole plant	58.09	—	101.92
23	Taraxacum mongolicum. Hand. Mazz.	Compositae	Whole plant	76.14	—	106.36
24	Xanthium sibiricum. Patr.	Compositae	Fruit	46.06	—	108.83
25	Erycibe subspicata. Wall. ex G. Don	Convolvulaceae	Stem	35.12	—	94.92
26	Porana racemosa. Roxb. var. tomen tella. Wu	Convolvulaceae	Whole plant	70.04	—	86.67
27	Gynostemma pentaphyllum. (Thunb.) Makino	Cucurbitaceae	Whole plant	34.55	—	113.65
28	Cibotium barometz. (L.) J. Smith [Polypodium barometz. L.]	Dicksoniaceae	Rhizome	36.84	—	102.6
29	Antidesma montanum. Bl.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	53.97	—	106.91
30	Glochidion eriocarpum. Champ. ex Benth.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	57.88	—	97.93
31	Mallotus apelta. (Lour.) Muell. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	77.59	—	111.64
32	Securinega suffruticosa. (Pall.) Rehd.	Euphorbiaceae	Twig with leaf	90.67	26.12	103.79
33	Gentiana loureirii. (G. Don) Griseb.	Gentianaceae	Whole plant	98.81	13.5	97.03
34	Imperata cylindrica. (L.) Beauv. var. major. (Nees) C.E. Hubb.	Gramineae	Rhizome	23.98	—	99.17
35	Hypericum japonicum. Thunb.	Guttiferae	Whole plant	77.18	—	111.34
36	Salacia polysperma. Hu	Hippocrateaceae	Root	52.38	—	109.06
37	Scutellaria barbata. D. Don [S. rivularis. Wall.]	Labiatae	Whole plant	92.86	38.28	95.59
38	Clerodendranthus spicatus. (Thunb.) C.Y. Wu ex H.W. Li	Labiatae	Whole plant	52.28	—	109.71
39	Leonurus artemisia. (Lour.) S.Y. Hu	Labiatae	Whole plant	81.12	37.46	109.57
40	Rabdosia nervosa. (Hemsl.) C.Y. Wu & H.W. Li	Labiatae	Whole plant	74.27	—	111.98
41	Rabdosia ternifolia. (D. Don) Hara	Labiatae	Whole plant	33.53	—	111.18
42	Sargentodoxa cuneata. (Oliv.) Rehd. & Wils. [Holboellia cuneata. Oliv.]	Lardizabalaceae	Stem	17.68	—	108.09
43	Abrus cantoniensis. Hance	Leguminosae	Whole plant	95.64	68.31	111.59
44	Bauhinia championii. (Benth.) Benth.	Leguminosae	Root or stem	85.68	40.47	104.19
45	Bauhinia variegata. L.	Leguminosae	Root	30.56	—	111.37
46	Derris robusta. (DC.) Benth.	Leguminosae	Stem with root	46.83	—	103.12
47	Lespedeza cuneata. (Dum. Cours.) G. Don	Leguminosae	Whole plant	39.42	—	103.45
48	Sophora tonkinensis. Gagnep.	Leguminosae	Root	−161.84	—	102.92
49	Zornia gibbosa Spanoghe. [Zornia diphylla. (L.) Pers.]	Leguminosae	Whole plant	89.21	40.12	109.81
50	Strychnos wallichiana. Steud. ex DC.	Loganiaceae	Seed	27.58	—	107.05
51	Oxyspora vagans. (Roxb.) Wall.	Melastomataceae	Twig with leaf	96.03	19.79	101.10
52	Stephania tetrandra. S. Moore	Menispermaceae	Root tuber	102.98	—	22.97
53	Tinospora sinensis. (Lour.) Merr.	Menispermaceae	Stem	25.61	—	99.23
54	Ficus pumila. L.	Moraceae	Stem with leaf	74.07	—	99.56
55	Ficus tikoua. Bur.	Moraceae	Syconium	100	17.51	79.98
56	Psidium guajava. L.	Myrtaceae	Leaf	17.28	—	112.82
57	Ardisia japonica. (Hornsted) Blume	Myrsinaceae	Whole plant	103.53	—	44.82
58	Ardisia solanacea. Roxb.	Myrsinaceae	Whole plant	53.97	—	108.2
59	Embelia laeta.(L.) Mez	Myrsinaceae	Whole plant	53.94	—	103.4
60	Nervilia aragoana. Gaud.	Orchidaceae	Whole plant	33.74	—	97.36
61	Nervilia purpurea. (Hayata) Schltr.	Orchidaceae	Whole plant	18.29	—	99.34
62	Polygala fallax. Hemsl.	Polygalaceae	Whole plant	55.39	—	105.97
63	Polygala glomerata. Lour. var. villosa. C.Y. Wu	Polygalaceae	Whole plant	25.52	—	104.54
64	Drynaria fortunei. (Kunze) J. Smith [Polypodium fortunei. Kunze]	Polypodiaceae	Rhizome	34.96	—	112.66
65	Phellinus linteus. (Berk. & Curt.) Teng	Polyporaceae	Sporophore	33.54	—	95.65
66	Clematis argentilucida. (Levl. & Vant.) W.T. Wang	Ranunculaceae	Stem	37.4	—	110.13
67	Agrimonia pilosa. Ledeb.	Rosaceae	Whole plant	98.81	27.44	88.82
68	Rosa laevigata. Michx.	Rosaceae	Fruit	17.37	—	97.13
69	Adina rubella. Hance	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	103.53	3	79.64
70	Damnacanthus indicus. (L.) Gaertn. f.	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	33.40	—	98.18
71	Gardenia jasminoides. Ellis	Rubiaceae	Fruit	46.03	—	105.32
72	Gardenia jasminoides. Ellis var. grandiflora. Nakai	Rubiaceae	Fruit	45.02	—	109.42
73	Hedyotis diffusa. Willd. [Oldenlandia diffusa. (Willd.) Roxb.]	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	25.61	—	109.63
74	Mussaenda pubescens. Ait.f.	Rubiaceae	Stem with leaf	51.24	—	97.34
75	Neonauclea griffithi. (Hook. f.) Merr.	Rubiaceae	Twig	43.85	—	109.45
76	Psychotria yunnanensis. Hutch.	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	53.57	—	97.12
77	Schizomussaenda dehiscens. (Craib) Li	Rubiaceae	Stem with root	62.70	—	101.20
78	Selaginella doederleinii. Hieron.	Selaginellaceae	Whole plant	83.61	47.11	98.87
79	Picrasma quassioides. (D. Don) Benn.	Simarubaceae	Bark	28.63	—	87.43
80	Helicteres angustifolia. L.	Sterculiaceae	Root	102.07	—	54.88
81	Hydrocotyle sibthorpoides. Lam.	Umbelliferae	Whole plant	43.36	—	99.06
82	Verbena officinalis. L.	Verbenaceae	Whole plant	38.17	—	94.67
83	Viola philippica. Cav. (Viola yedoensis. Makino)	Violaceae	Whole plant	49.39	—	116.73
84	Ampelopsis japonica. (Thunb.) Makino [Paullinia japonica. Thunb.]	Vitaceae	Root tuber	48.42	—	128.5
85	Cissus hastata. (Miq.) Planch.	Vitaceae	Whole plant	34.23	—	96.75
86	Tetrastigma crucistum. Craib & Gag.	Vitaceae	Whole plant	52.78	—	113.76
87	Tetrastigma membranaceum. Wu & Wang	Vitaceae	Whole plant	75.20	—	104.84

^a.NO production inhibitory activity, inhibition (%) by (0.1 mg/ml).

^b.Viability (%) = absorbance of sample/absorbance of control × 100%.