Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Profiles of Endemic Medicinal Plants of Mauritius

Figures & data

Table 1 Antimicrobial activities of A. madagascariense. and E. macrocarpum. against the test microorganisms.

			Diameter of zone of inhibiting (mm)^b.
			A. madagascariense.		E. macrocarpum.
Test microorganisms	Gram stain+/−	Standard antibiotic (Ampicillin)^a.	Leaves	Twigs	Leaves	Twigs
Bacillus cereus.	G+	14	10	9	7	3
			(5)	(3)	(−)	(−)
Bacillus subtilis.	G+	12	7	8	8	4
			(3)	(4)	(−)	(−)
Escherichia coli.	G−	10	8	7	6	−
			(8)	(5)	(−)	(−)
Staphylococcus aureus.	G+	13	12	4	13	10
			(10)	(4)	(10)	(6)
MRSA	G+	0	3	−	5	−
			(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)
Enterococcus faecalis.	G+	7	6	7	4	−
			(3)	(−)	(−)	(−)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	G−	9	5	6	6	6
			(2)	(4)	(−)	(−)
Salmonella typhimurium.	G−	10	7	9	8	−
			(5)	(5)	(3)	(5)
Aspergillus niger.	F	0	−	−	−	−
			(5)	(7)	(−)	(−)
Candida albicans.	F	0	−	−	−	−
			(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)

−, complete lack of activity. G+, Gram-positive; G−, Gram-negative; F, fungi; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. () inhibition zone of methanolic extract.

^a.Tested at a concentration of 10 µg/disk (Oxoid).

^b.Zone of inhibition; average of 3 independent experiments.

Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (mg/ml) of A. madagascariense. and E. macrocarpum. leaves and twigs for the 10 strains of microorganisms.

		Minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml)
		A. madagascariense.		E. macrocarpum.
Test microorganisms	Gram stain+/−	Leaves	Twigs	Leaves	Twigs
Bacillus cereus.	G+	2	8	16	16
		(4)	(8)	(−)	(−)
Bacillus subtilis.	G+	4	16	8	8
		(8)	(16)	(−)	(−)
Escherichia coli.	G−	8	16	10	−
		(8)	(4)	(−)	(−)
Staphylococcus aureus.	G+	2	4	0.5	0.5
		(4)	(8)	(1)	(4)
MRSA	G+	32	−	16	−
		(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)
Enterococcus faecalis.	G+	4	10	8	−
		(8)	(−)	(−)	(−)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	G−	8	8	4	8
		(8)	(8)	(−)	(−)
Salmonella typhimurium.	G−	8	8	4	−
		(8)	(8)	(8)	(8)
Aspergillus niger.	F	−	−	−	−
		(16)	(16)	(−)	(−)
Candida albicans.	F	−	−	−	−
		(−)	(−)	(−)	(−)

−, complete lack of activity. G+, Gram-positive; G−, Gram-negative; F, fungi; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. () MIC of methanolic extract.

Table 3. Phytochemical components of A. madagascariense. and E. macrocarpum. leaves and twigs (+, presence; −, absence).

Plants	Part used	Alkaloids	Flavonoid	Tannins	Leucoanthocyanins	Anthraquinones	Terpenes	Phenols	Coumarins	Saponins
A. madagascariense.	Leaf	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	−	+
	Twigs	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	−	+
E. macrocarpum.	Leaf	+	−	+	+	−	−	+	−	−
	Twigs	+	+	+	+	−	+	+	−	−