Phellinus rimosus. Protects Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Chronic Hepatotoxicity In Rats: Antioxidant Defense Mechanism

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosuson. serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities in rats with chronic CCl₄ administration

Groups	Treatment (mg/kg)	Serum GPT (IU/l)	Serum GOT (IU/l)	Serum ALP (IU/l)
Normal	Vehicle	116.5 ± 16.2	65.5 ± 5.4	179.9 ± 40.0
Control (CCl4/paraffin oil, 1:5)	—	959.8 ± 25.6^a.	231.1 ± 21.5^a.	437.3 ± 30.8^a.
EtOAc + CCl4	25	516.7 ± 79.2^b.	103.5 ± 7.1^b.	259.8 ± 16.5^b.
	50	240.8 ± 16.9^b.	82.3 ± 4.7^b.	210.5 ± 7.8^b.

Values are mean±SD, n = 6 animals. GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.

^a.p < 0.05 (LSD) significantly different from normal.

^b.p < 0.01(Dunnett's t.-test) significantly different from control group.

Table 2. Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosus. on hepatic SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in rats with chronic CCl₄ administration

Groups	Treatment (mg/kg)	SOD (U/mg protein)	CAT (U/mg protein)	GPx (U/mg protein)
Normal	Vehicle	20.2 ± 2.9	64.5 ± 4.5	22.5 ± 2.2
Control (CCl4/paraffin oil, 1:5)	—	14.5 ± 2.1^a.	46.3 ± 4.8^a.	16.9 ± 0.8^a.
EtOAc + CCl4	25	17.2 ± 0.3^c.	53.9 ± 2.6^b.	18.8 ± 1.7^NS
	50	19.1 ± 0.8^b.	60.9 ± 3.7^b.	20.5 ± 0.4^b.

Values are mean ± SD, n = 5 animals. SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase.

^a.p < 0.05 (LSD) significantly different from normal.

^b.p < 0.01

^c.p < 0.05 significantly different (Dunnett's t.-test); NS, non-significantly different from control group.

Table 3. Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosus. on blood and hepatic GSH level in rats with chronic CCl₄ administration

Groups	Treatments (mg/kg)	Blood GSH (µmol/ml)	Tissue GSH (nmol/mg protein)
Normal	Vehicle	3.87 ± 0.04	11.02 ± 0.14
Control (CCl4/paraffin oil, 1:5)	—	3.31 ± 0.39^a.	7.94 ± 0.65^a.
EtOAc + CCl4	25	3.58 ± 0.33^NS	10.21 ± 0.81^b.
	50	3.87 ± 0.09^b.	11.38 ± 0.43^b.

Values are mean ± SD, n = 5 animals. GSH, reduced glutathione.

^a.p < 0.05 (LSD) significantly different from normal.

^b.p < 0.01(Dunnett's t.-test significantly); NS, non-significantly different from control group.

Figure 1 Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosus. on hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity in rats treated with chronic doses of CCl₄. Values are mean ± SD, n = 2.

Table 4. Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosus. on blood and hepatic GST level in rats with chronic CCl₄ administration

Groups	Treatments (mg/kg)	Blood GST (mmol of CDNB conjugate formed min^−1 g Hb^−1)	Tissue GST (µmol of CDNB conjugate formed min^−1 mg protein^−1)
Normal	Vehicle	14.84 ± 1.10	748.4 ± 48.3
Control (CCl4/paraffin oil, 1:5)	—	14.70 ± 0.65^NS	775.6 ± 105.7^NS
EtOAc + CCl4	25	18.32 ± 1.37^a.	1149.4 ± 44.0^a.
	50	20.10 ± 1.51^a.	1407.2 ± 89.1^a.

Values are mean ± SD, n = 5 animals. GST, glutathione S.-transferase.

^a.p < 0.01 (Dunnett's t.-test) significantly different from control group; NS, (LSD) non-significantly different from normal.

Figure 2 Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosus. on serum and MDA level in rats with chronic CCl₄ administration. Values are mean ± SD, (n = 6 in serum and n = 5 in tissue). *p < 0.05 (LSD) significantly different from normal. ^ap < 0.01 (Dunnett's t.-test) significantly different from control group.

Table 5. Effect of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosuson. erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in rats with chronic CCl₄ administration

Groups	Treatment (mg/kg)	SOD (U/g Hb)	CAT (k/g Hb)	GPx (U/g Hb)
Normal	Vehicle	1478.0 ± 74.9	94.5 ± 5.4	4974.0 ± 969.6
Control (CCl4/paraffin oil, 1:5)	1.5 ml	952.0 ± 194.4^a.	66.8 ± 5.7^a.	2469.6 ± 450.8^a.
EtOAc + CCl4	25	1128.0 ± 76.5^b.	87.4 ± 1.8^b.	3133.6 ± 706.3^NS
	50	1481.6 ± 63.2^b.	95.6 ± 3.6^b.	5102.4 ± 803.1^b.

Values are mean ± SD, n = 5 animals. SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase.

^a.p < 0.05 (LSD) significantly different from normal.

^b.p < 0.01, ^c.p < 0.05 significantly different (Dunnett's t.-test); NS, non-significantly different from control group.

Figure 3 Hepatoprotective activity of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of P. rimosus. against CCl₄-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver sections stained with H&E. (a) Normal; (b) CCl₄/paraffin oil; (c) EtOAc (25 mg/kg body wt.) + CCl_4;; (d) EtOAc (50 mg/kg body wt.) + CCl₄. Magnification, × 20.