Central Properties and Chemical Composition of Ocimum basilicum. Essential Oil

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum. essential oil obtained by GC/MS.

Retention time (R.t) (min)	Components	Relative percentage
5.22	α.-Pinene	0.69
5.59	Camphene	0.88
6.31	β.-Pinene	1.11
6.68	β.-Myrcene	0.82
7.89	1,8-Cineol	13.65
8.29	trans.-β. Ocimene	1.61
8.59	γ.-Terpin	1.81
11.38	Linalool	44.18
12.55	Camphor	0.67
12.71	Myrtenol	1.33
16.08	α.-Cubebene	4.97
19.23	Eugenol	8.59
19.57	Methyl cinnamate	4.26
19.99	iso.-Caryophyllene	3.10
20.9	α.-Caryophyllene	1.75
21.8	Azulene	1.31
22.9	α.-Farnesene	1.70
23.5	Germacrene B	1.62
23.9	Germacrene D	0.82
24.6	Naphthalene	2.01
	Compounds not identified	3.12

Table 2. Effect of i.p. administration of Ocimum basilicum. (OB) essential oil on rotarod test endurance time in seconds at different time intervals: 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postadministration (n = 5).

		Mean (±SE)
Treatment	Dose	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min
Sesame oil	10 mL kg^−1	119 ± 7.1	120 ± 6.9	120 ± 6.4	118 ± 6.3
OB essential oil	0.2 mL kg^−1	115 ± 7.2	113 ± 5.5	113 ± 5.3	107 ± 7.7
OB essential oil	0.4 mL kg^−1	113 ± 6.2	112 ± 8.4	109 ± 5.5	105 ± 6.4
OB essential oil	0.8 mg kg^−1	110 ± 7.1	108 ± 4.9	106 ± 5.6	103 ± 6.3
OB essential oil	1.2 mg kg^−1	109 ± 5	102 ± 6.3	95 ± 5.5*	91 ± 4.9*
OB essential oil	1.6 mg kg^−1	85 ± 6.4**	82 ± 5.5**	78 ± 4.9**	70 ± 4.2***
OB essential oil	1.8 mg kg^−1	66 ± 5.1***	59 ± 3.6***	54 ± 4.4***	51 ± 3.2***
OB essential oil	2.0 mL kg^−1	36 ± 3.1***	21 ± 1.9***	16 ± 1.1***	15 ± 1.1***
OB essential oil	2.2 mL kg^−1	5 ± 0.5***	3 ± 0.2***	3 ± 0.1***	1 ± 0.08***

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 in comparison with sesame oil group.

Table 3. Effect of i.p. administration of Ocimum basilicum. (OB) essential oil on pentobarbitone sleeping time (mean ± SE) in mice (n = 5).

		Sleeping time (min)
Treatment	Dose	Initial	After treatment
Distilled water	10 mL kg^−1	40 ± 1.2	39 ± 1.3
Sesame oil	10 mL kg^−1	41 ± 1.6	40 ± 1.4
Diazepam	5 mL kg^−1	40 ± 1.1	130 ± 6.9***
OB essential oil	0.2 mL kg^−1	41 ± 1.2	45 ± 1.7
OB essential oil	0.4 mL kg^−1	43 ± 1.1	48 ± 2.9**
OB essential oil	0.8 mL kg^−1	42 ± 1.2	50 ± 2.4**
OB essential oil	1.2 mL kg^−1	39 ± 1.5	55 ± 3.2***
OB essential oil	1.4 mL kg^−1	40 ± 1.2	61 ± 2.9***
OB essential oil	1.6 mL kg^−1	40 ± 1.2	67 ± 3.2***
OB essential oil	1.8 mL kg^−1	41 ± 1.3	71 ± 3.7***
OB essential oil	2.0 mL kg^−1	42 ± 1.7	79 ± 4.1***
OB essential oil	2.2 mL kg^−1	39 ± 1.6	82 ± 3.9***

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 in comparison with the initial sleeping time of same group.

Figure 1 Plot of log of the dose of Ocimum basilicum. essential oil versus percent of protected animals (original data and corrected values obtained by linear regression) against convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (85 mg/kg b.w.).

Figure 2 Plot of log of the dose of Ocimum basilicum. essential oil versus percent of protected animals (original data and corrected values obtained by linear regression) against convulsions induced by picrotoxin (6 mg/kg b.w.).

Table 4. Effect of i.p. administration of Ocimum basilicum. (OB) essential oil on pentylenetetrazole (85 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.) induced seizures in mice (n = 10).

Treatment	Dose	Latency time (min) mean ± SE	% of convulsion	% of mortality
Distilled water	10 mL kg^−1	5.0 ± 0.4	100	100
Sesame oil	10 mL kg^−1	5.4 ± 0.4	100	100
Ethosuximide	150 mg kg^−1	N	0***	0***
OB essential oil	0.2 mg kg^−1	6.2 ± 0.51	90	80
OB essential oil	0.4 mg kg^−1	8.5 ± 0.7***	70	50*
OB essential oil	0.8 mg kg^−1	10.5 ± 0.8***	40**	30**
OB essential oil	1.2 mg kg^−1	13.4 ± 0.6***	30**	20***

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 in comparison with sesame oil group; N, not applicable.

Table 5. Effect of i.p. administration of Ocimum basilicum. (OB) essential oil on picrotoxin (6 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.) induced seizures in mice (n = 10).

Treatment	Dose	Latency time (min) mean ± SE	% of convulsion	% of mortality
Distilled water	10 mL kg^−1	17 ± 1.1	100	100
Sesame oil	10 mL kg^−1	17.6 ± 0.9	100	100
Ethosuximide	150 mg kg^−1	N	0***	0***
OB essential oil	0.2 mg kg^−1	21.9 ± 1.5*	80	70
OB essential oil	0.4 mg kg^−1	23.6 ± 1.3**	50*	40**
OB essential oil	0.8 mg kg^−1	27.9 ± 2.1***	30**	20***
OB essential oil	1.2 mg kg^−1	32.8 ± 1.7***	20***	10***

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 in comparison with sesame oil group; N, not applicable.

Figure 3 Plot of log of the dose of Ocimum basilicum. essential oil versus percent of protected animals (original data and corrected values obtained by linear regression) against convulsions induced by strychnine (2 mg/kg b.w.).

Table 6. Effect of i.p. administration of Ocimum basilicum. (OB) essential oil on strychnine (2 mg kg⁻¹, s.c.) induced seizures in mice (n = 10).

Treatment	Dose	Latency time (min) mean ± SE	% of convulsion	% of mortality
Distilled water	10 mL kg^−1	1.1 ± 0.11	100	100
Sesame oil	10 mL kg^−1	1.2 ± 0.1	100	100
Valproate	232 mg kg^−1	N	0***	0***
OB essential oil	0.2 mg kg^−1	1.2 ± 0.1	100	100
OB essential oil	0.4 mg kg^−1	1.4 ± 0.1	90	80
OB essential oil	0.8 mg kg^−1	1.9 ± 0.14***	70	60
OB essential oil	1.2 mg kg^−1	2.4 ± 0.16***	50*	40**

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 in comparison with sesame oil group; N, not applicable.

Figure 4 Plot of log of the dose of Ocimum basilicum. essential oil versus percent of dead animals (original data and corrected values obtained by linear regression).