Cytotoxic Effects of Flavonol Glycosides and Nonflavonoid Constituents of Epimedium koreanum. on Primary Osteoblasts

Figures & data

Figure 1 Chemical structures of 11 compounds from E. koreanum. Nakai: I–VII, flavonol glycosides; VII—XI, nonflavonoid constituents.

Figure 2 Identification of rat primary osteoblasts (100×). (A) Alkaline phosphatase positive cells stained by Kaplow method. (B) Mineralized bone nodule formation in vitro. stained by alizarin red S.

Table 1 Effects of flavonol glycosides on osteoblast proliferation.

Samples	Concentration	Ablank. (x.± SD)	A595/A655 nm (x.± SD)	Inhibition ratio (%)
NaF (mol/L)	1.0 × 10^− 6	0.285 ± 0.009	0.322 ± 0.020	-13.0**,^#
TF (mg/mL)	1.2 × 10^− 2	0.285 ± 0.009	0.208 ± 0.018	27.0**
	6.0 × 10^− 3		0.214 ± 0.021	24.9**
	6.0 × 10^− 4		0.206 ± 0.018	27.7**
	6.0 × 10^− 5		0.186 ± 0.012	34.7**
	6.0 × 10^− 6		0.183 ± 0.009	35.8**
I (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.265 ± 0.013	0.254 ± 0.014	4.2
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.240 ± 0.012	9.4**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.261 ± 0.003	1.5
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.253 ± 0.014	4.5
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.239 ± 0.015	9.8**
II (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.265 ± 0.013	0.249 ± 0.010	6.0
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.239 ± 0.014	9.8**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.253 ± 0.024	4.5
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.246 ± 0.021	7.2
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.247 ± 0.019	6.8
III (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.264 ± 0.014	0.236 ± 0.034	10.6**
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.237 ± 0.011	10.2**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.252 ± 0.023	4.5
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.254 ± 0.025	3.8
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.250 ± 0.013	5.3
IV (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.303 ± 0.016	0.238 ± 0.011	21.5**
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.271 ± 0.022	10.6**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.287 ± 0.013	5.3
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.272 ± 0.019	10.2**
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.273 ± 0.018	9.9
V (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.238 ± 0.013	0.175 ± 0.013	26.6**
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.167 ± 0.015	30.0**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.177 ± 0.011	25.5**
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.170 ± 0.007	28.7**
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.169 ± 0.013	29.1**
VI (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.309 ± 0.013	0.284 ± 0.024	8.0
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.275 ± 0.023	10.9
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.260 ± 0.019	15.9
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.256 ± 0.016	17.2
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.241 ± 0.018	22.1**
VII (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.264 ± 0.019	0.259 ± 0.023	1.9
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.253 ± 0.021	4.2
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.259 ± 0.023	1.9
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.257 ± 0.015	2.7
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.250 ± 0.018	5.3

* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 significant compared with blank; #proliferation ratio (%).

Table 2 Effects of nonflavonoid constitutents on osteoblast proliferation.

Samples	Concentration	Ablank. (x.± SD)	A595/A655nm. (x.± SD)	Inhibition ratio (%)
NaF (mol/L)	1.0 × 10^− 6	0.285 ± 0.009	0.322 ± 0.020	-13.0**,#
VIII (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.303 ± 0.016	0.270 ± 0.024	10.9
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.262 ± 0.025	13.5
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.268 ± 0.021	11.6
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.262 ± 0.023	13.6**
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.247 ± 0.026	18.4**
IX (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.303 ± 0.016	0.248 ± 0.022	18.0**
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.237 ± 0.014	21.8**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.218 ± 0.012	28.2**
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.217 ± 0.020	28.4**
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.205 ± 0.019	32.3**
X (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.238 ± 0.013	0.220 ± 0.011	7.7
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.217 ± 0.016	9.0
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.206 ± 0.011	13.3**
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.214 ± 0.016	10.2**
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.199 ± 0.010	16.6**
XI (mol/L)	2.0 × 10^− 5	0.238 ± 0.013	0.211 ± 0.014	11.3**
	1.0 × 10^− 5		0.204 ± 0.014	14.3**
	1.0 × 10^− 6		0.198 ± 0.014	16.8**
	1.0 × 10^− 7		0.195 ± 0.009	18.1**
	1.0 × 10^− 8		0.189 ± 0.015	20.6**

* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, significant compared with blank; #proliferation ratio (%).