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Research Article

Benzodiazepine-Like Effects of the Alcohol Extract from Erythrina velutina. Leaves: Memory, Anxiety, and Epilepsy

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Pages 321-328 | Accepted 08 Oct 2007, Published online: 07 Oct 2008

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Total distance traveled in the elevated plus maze, and (B) percentage of time in and entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze of rats treated with saline (CTRL), 10 mg/kg (Ery10), or 20 mg/kg (Ery20) of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves, or 2 mg/kg diazepam (DZP2). Data expressed as mean ± standard error. *Different to CTRL group (p < 0.05); # different to DZP2 group (p < 0.05).

Figure 1 (A) Total distance traveled in the elevated plus maze, and (B) percentage of time in and entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze of rats treated with saline (CTRL), 10 mg/kg (Ery10), or 20 mg/kg (Ery20) of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves, or 2 mg/kg diazepam (DZP2). Data expressed as mean ± standard error. *Different to CTRL group (p < 0.05); # different to DZP2 group (p < 0.05).

Figure 2 Latency to enter into the dark chamber of the inhibitory avoidance box of rats treated with saline (CTRL), 10 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves (Ery10), or 4 mg/kg diazepam (DZP4). (A) Animals treated 30 min before training (train): acquisition phase. (B) Animals treated 1 h after training (train): consolidation phase. (C) Animals treated 1 h before testing (test): retrieval phase. Data expressed as median (gray squares), interquartile range (black boxes), and minimum to maximum values (error bars). Different to training session of the same group: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005.

Figure 2 Latency to enter into the dark chamber of the inhibitory avoidance box of rats treated with saline (CTRL), 10 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves (Ery10), or 4 mg/kg diazepam (DZP4). (A) Animals treated 30 min before training (train): acquisition phase. (B) Animals treated 1 h after training (train): consolidation phase. (C) Animals treated 1 h before testing (test): retrieval phase. Data expressed as median (gray squares), interquartile range (black boxes), and minimum to maximum values (error bars). Different to training session of the same group: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005.

Figure 3 Latencies to (A) first convulsion and (B) death in the test of pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, in animals treated with saline (CTRL), 20, 100, or 500 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves (Ery20, Ery100, or Ery500, respectively), or 5 mg/kg diazepam (DZP5). Data expressed as median (gray squares), interquartile range (black boxes), and minimum to maximum values (error bars). Different to CTRL group: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005.

Figure 3 Latencies to (A) first convulsion and (B) death in the test of pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, in animals treated with saline (CTRL), 20, 100, or 500 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves (Ery20, Ery100, or Ery500, respectively), or 5 mg/kg diazepam (DZP5). Data expressed as median (gray squares), interquartile range (black boxes), and minimum to maximum values (error bars). Different to CTRL group: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005.

Figure 4 Convulsion scores in the 10 sessions of the pentylenetetrazol induced kindling seizure test. (A) Animals treated with saline. (B) Animals treated with 20 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves. (C) Animals treated with 100 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves. Data expressed as median (gray squares), interquartile range (black boxes), and minimum to maximum values (error bars). Different to S1: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.0005; ***p < 0.000005. Different to the previous session: # p < 0.05; # # p < 0.0005; # # # p < 0.000005.

Figure 4 Convulsion scores in the 10 sessions of the pentylenetetrazol induced kindling seizure test. (A) Animals treated with saline. (B) Animals treated with 20 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves. (C) Animals treated with 100 mg/kg of the alcohol extract of Erythrina velutina. leaves. Data expressed as median (gray squares), interquartile range (black boxes), and minimum to maximum values (error bars). Different to S1: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.0005; ***p < 0.000005. Different to the previous session: # p < 0.05; # # p < 0.0005; # # # p < 0.000005.

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