Brazilian Propolis: Seasonal Variation of the Prenylated p-Coumaric Acids and Antimicrobial Activity

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Chemical structures of the prenylated p-coumaric acids from Brazilian propolis: 1, drupanin; 2, artepillin C; 3, baccharin.

Table 1.  Seasonal variations on the prenylated p-coumaric acids (1–3) and antimicrobial activity of different Brazilian propolis samples.

		Content of prenylated p-coumaric acids^a			Antimicrobial activity MIC(μg/mL)^b
Site	Collection date	drupanin (1)	artepillin C (2)	baccharin (3)	S. aureus	K. rhizophila	E. coli	P. aeruginosa	C. albicans
1	September	4.39	12.47	11.19	300	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	April	4.41	8.69	4.19	100	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	June	5.13	12.45	9.69	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	December	3.46	6.55	6.33	100	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
2	September	3.02	7.56	8.44	100	300	> 300	> 300	> 300
	April	4.65	9.60	4.62	200	100	> 300	> 300	> 300
	June	2.94	6.73	5.91	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	December	4.65	9.36	7.24	100	300	> 300	> 300	> 300
3	September	—	—	0.89	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	April	—	—	1.17	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	June	—	—	3.55	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	December	—	0.59	0.52	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
4	September	—	—	13.42	200	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	April	2.93	6.13	3.71	300	200	> 300	> 300	> 300
	June	0.93	—	21.18	100	100	> 300	> 300	> 300
	December	1.29	2.14	2.21	100	200	> 300	> 300	> 300

^aThe compounds were quantified by using the internal standard benzophenone by comparing its peak areas with the area of the internal standard.

^bPseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853,Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Figure 2.  HPLC profiles of propolis extracts from (A) site 1, (B) site 2, (C) site 3, and (D) site 4. (E) Hydroalcoholic extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia leaves. 1, drupanin; 2, artepillin C; 3, baccharin; IS, internal standard benzophenone.