Anti-inflammatory effect of petroleum ether extract of Vitex negundo leaves in rat models of acute and subacute inflammation

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of PEVNL on edema volume in carrageenan-induced inflammation.

Groups	Group name	Edema volume (mL) at 4 h	% inhibition of edema volume
I	Vehicle control	0.73 ± 0.02^a	-
II	Diclofenac	0.27 ± 0.01^c	63
III	PEVNL (250 mg/kg)	0.36 ± 0.02^b	50
IV	PEVNL (500 mg/kg)	0.29 ± 0.01^c	60

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6 animals in each group. Means bearing different superscripts differed significantly, p < 0.01.

Table 2.  Effect of PEVNL on granuloma weight in cotton pellet granuloma.

Groups	Group name	Granuloma weight (mg)	% inhibition of granuloma weight
I	Vehicle control	43.10 ± 0.86^a	-
II	Diclofenac	17.24 ± 0.78^c	60
III	PEVNL (250 mg/kg)	21.74 ± 0.51^b	49
IV	PEVNL (500 mg/kg)	14.49 ± 0.64^d	66

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6 animals in each group. Means bearing different superscripts differed significantly, p < 0.01.

Table 3.  Effect of PEVNL on serum biochemical parameters in carrageenan-induced inflammation.

Group	Group description	Acid phosphatase (IU/L)	Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	ALT (IU/L)	AST (IU/L)	Albumin (g/dL)
I	Vehicle control	169.82 ± 0.16^a	210.73 ± 0.32^a	54.21 ± 0.50^a	192.38 ± 0.97^a	3.40 ± 0.13^c
II	Diclofenac	166.54 ± 0.10^c	199.73 ± 0.16^d	41.42 ± 0.54^c	156.39 ± 0.84^c	4.21 ± 0.49^b
III	PEVNL (250 mg/kg)	167.48 ± 0.11^b	206.38 ± 0.23^b	44.32 ± 0.63^b	162.32 ± 0.45^b	4.11 ± 0.06^b
IV	PEVNL (500 mg/kg)	166.73 ± 0.12^c	202.28 ± 0.58^c	42.10 ± 0.64^c	158.48 ± 0.80^c	4.17 ± 0.03^b
V	Normal control	165.19 ± 0.26^d	198.36 ± 0.24^e	37.80 ± 0.36^d	126.29 ± 0.70^d	5.77 ± 0.10^a

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6 animals in each group. Means bearing different superscripts in a column differed significantly, p < 0.01; IU/L, International units per liter; g/dL – gram per 100 mL.

Table 4.  Effect of PEVNL on serum biochemical parameters in cotton pellet granuloma.

Group	Group description	Acid phosphatase (IU/L)	Alkalaline phosphatase (IU/L)	ALT (IU/L)	AST (IU/L)	Albumin (g/dL)
I	Vehicle control	178.30 ± 0.42^a	236.33 ± 0.55^a	95.48 ± 0.43^a	230.30 ± 0.41^a	3.15^c ± 0.07^c
II	Diclofenac	169.54 ± 0.28^d	209.68 ± 0.27^d	70.32 ± 0.80^b^c	170.47 ± 0.57^c	4.22 ± 0.06^b
III	PEVNL (250 mg/kg)	173.34 ± 0.30^b	215.89 ± 0.40^b	72.06 ± 0.73^b	172.40 ± 0.63^b	4.16 ± 0.06^b
IV	PEVNL (500 mg/kg)	171.38 ± 0.35^c	212.33 ± 0.31^c	69.25 ± 0.56^c	166.22 ± 0.57^d	4.27 ± 0.05^b
V	Normal Control	165.19 ± 0.26^e	198.36 ± 0.24^e	37.80 ± 0.48^d	126.29 ± 0.70^e	5.77 ± 0.10^a

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6 animals in each group. Means bearing different superscripts in a column differed significantly, p < 0.01; IU/L, International units per liter; g/dL, gram per 100 mL.