Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants

Figures & data

Table 1.  Herbarium data of plants.

Genus species authority (Labiatae)	Locality	Altitude (m)	Collection time	Herbarium number
Salvia fruticosa	Marmara adası, Balıkesir	150	02.06.2005	FS 1423
Salvia tomentosa	Yayla-Kazdağı, Balıkesir	850	01.06.2005	FS 1422
Sideritis albiflora	Muğla, Tılalı Dağı, Yenice Köyü	150	07.09.2005	FS1468
Sideritis leptoclada	Muğla, Göktepe, Karlık çayı	300	07.09.2005	FS1469
Origanum onites	Balıkesir, Yaşyer Köyü	300	06.08.2006	FS1468

Table 2.  Susceptibility test results against M. tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) obtained by the MGIT fluorometric manual method.

Plant no.	Extracts	Final concentration in MGIT tubes (μg/mL)
1	Salvia fruticosa	392
2	Salvia tomentosa	196
3	Sideritis albiflora	1568
4	Sideritis leptoclada	1568
5	Origanum onites	784
Standard drugs	Streptomycin	0.8
	Rifampin	1.0
	Ethambuthol	3.5
	Isoniasid	0.1

Table 3.  Antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of the plants as MIC (μg/mL).

Bacteria	S. fruticosa	S.tomentosa	S. albiflora	S. leptoclada	O. onites	Gentamycin
Escherichia coli	1280	640	1280	1280	1280	2
Salmonella typhimurium	640	640	1280	640	640	2
Enterococcus faecalis	2560	1280	2560	2560	2560	32
Enterobacter aerogenes	640	640	1280	640	640	2
Staphylococcus aureus	5120	5120	1280	1280	1280	4
Staphylococcus epidermidis	1280	1280	1280	1280	640	2
Klebsiella pneumoniae	10240	10240	>10240	>10240	10240	8
Bacillus cereus	10240	10240	>10240	>10240	10240	8

Figure 1.  Chromatogram of standards: 1) gallic, 2) catechin, 3) caffeic, 4) epicatechin, 5) p-coumaric acid, 6) ferulic acid 7) vitexin, 8) rutin, 9) naringin, 10) hesperidin, 11) apigenin-glucoside, 12) rosmarinic acid, 13) eridictiol, 14) quercetin, 15) naringenin, 16) luteolin, 17) apigenin, 18) carvacrol, 19) acecetin.

Figure 2.  HPLC chromatogram of methanol extracts of Salvia fruticosa.

Figure 3.  HPLC chromatogram of methanol extracts of Salvia tomentosa.

Figure 4.  HPLC chromatogram of methanol extracts of Sideritis albiflora.

Figure 5.  HPLC chromatogram of methanol extracts of Sideritis leptoclada.

Figure 6.  HPLC chromatogram of methanol extracts of Origanum onites.

Table 4.  Amount of compounds (μg/mL) presented in the methanol extracts of plants.

Compound (μg/mL)	S. fruticosa	S. tomentosa	S. albiflora	S. leptoclada	O. onites
Gallic acid	*	*	2.9	*	8.6
Catechin	45.0	1603.5	*	*	*
Caffeic acid	7538.6	355.5	1548.6	1911.1	446.7
Epicatechin	9.4	*	*	*	*
Vitexin	*	*	*	*	*
Rutin	*	866.9	*	350.3	486.2
Naringin	92.1	*	251.9	*	*
Hesperidin	2.2	10.7	*	153.2	*
Api-glu	249.9	*	249.1	*	570.7
Rosmarinic acid	5267.9	79202.3	6284.3	19641.2	28413.4
Eridictiol	*	56.4	*	*	764.1
Quercetin	28.7	441.5	*	*	460.0
Naringenin	*	*	*	51.3	452.8
Luteolin	335.6	51.3	202.2	117.5	778.7
Apigenin	1595.0	117.9	719.8	193.5	2003.1
Carvacrol	7127.5	444.1	8469.6	243.2	83684.6
Acecetin	*	*	*	*	*

*not determined.