Anthelmintic activity of Acacia oxyphylla stem bark against Ascaridia galli

Figures & data

Table 1.  Concentration-dependent efficacy of albendazole and the ethanol extract of A. oxyphylla stem bark on the survival of A. galli.

Incubation medium	Dose (mg/mL)	Time (h) taken for complete paralysis or death	Student’s t-test
Control	0	84.83 ± 0.89
Albendazole	0.5	55.17 ± 1.04	P < 0.05
	1	38.31 ± 1.08	P < 0.05
	2	20.28 ± 0.89	P < 0.05
	5	10.67 ± 1.12	P < 0.05
	10	07.25 ± 1.10	P < 0.05
	20	05.31 ± 0.77	P < 0.05
A. oxyphylla	0.5	83.98 ± 0.74	NS
	1	83.75 ± 0.83	NS
	2	79.84 ± 0.94	P < 0.05
	5	62.58 ± 0.81	P < 0.05
	10	44.45 ± 0.92	P < 0.05
	20	32.78 ± 1.14	P < 0.05

Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5); P value significant at < 0.05 for comparison of treated against control groups; NS, not significant (i.e. P ≥ 0.05).

Figure 1.  Scanning electron micrographs of untreated control nematode A. galli. A) Anterior end showing three denticulate lips surrounding a central mouth, a latero-ventral lip facing at the center of which is a sensory papilla, × 200 (scale bar, 100 μm). B) The cuticle with distinct ridges and furrows throughout the body, × 270 (scale bar, 200 μm). C) Enlarged portion showing a series of lighter transverse striations and intercalated darker annulations, × 1,000 (scale bar, 50 μm).

Figure 2.  Scanning electron micrographs of A. galli treated with 20 mg/mL of the ethanol extract of A. oxyphylla stem bark. A) Anterior end with severe deformity, lips collapsed, papillae destroyed and shrunk, and the cuticle wrinkled, × 200 (scale bar, 100  μm). B) Cuticular surface showing irregular rings bearing a number of unusual dark spots, × 270 (scale bar, 200 μm). C) Transverse rings developing external blebs as conspicuous dark blisters, and a ruptured bleb at the left bottom, × 1,000 (scale bar, 50 μm).