Protective effect of hesperidin against γ-radiation induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on body weight and organ weight of control and experimental animals.

Group (n = 6)	Body weight (g)	Heart weight (g)	Kidney weight (g)
Group 1	155.51 ± 4.02	0.805 ± 0.046	1.755 ± 0.102
Group 2	142.63 ± 1.85^a***	0.547 ± 0.038^a***	1.553 ± 0.052^a***
Group 3	148.87 ± 1.06^b***	0.654 ± 0.030^b***	1.732 ± 0.078^b***
Group 4	150.99 ± 1.61^b***	0.737 ± 0.023^b***	1.848 ± 0.039^b***
Group 5	154.24 ± 1.14	0.811 ± 0.099	1.759 ± 0.033

Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Table 2.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the status of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and CPK in the serum of rats exposed to various doses of γ-radiation.

Group (n = 6)	AST	ALT	ALP	LDH	CPK
Group 1	41.79 ± 2.26	43.70 ± 1.16	93.53 ± 2.45	142.99 ± 2.42	121.52 ± 4.58
Group 2	78.68 ± 4.40^a***	72.73 ± 2.08^a***	155.47 ± 3.97^a***	216.38 ± 3.81^a***	216.34 ± 5.85^a***
Group 3	53.78 ± 2.69^b***	56.50 ± 4.03^b***	112.90 ± 6.80^b***	159.73 ± 4.19^b***	157.86 ± 4.59^b***
Group 4	50.29 ± 1.12^b***	48.26 ± 2.17^b***	99.63 ± 4.12^b***	151.66 ± 2.15^b***	129.83 ± 6.50^b***
Group 5	41.38 ± 1.74	43.73 ± 1.30	91.38 ± 1.92	142.83 ± 2.05	123.54 ± 5.41

AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and CPK: IU/L. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Table 3.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the status of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and CPK in the heart tissue of rats exposed to γ-radiation.

Group (n = 6)	AST	ALT	ALP	LDH	CPK
Group 1	12.86 ± 0.68	19.18 ± 0.65	11.52 ± 0.67	40.56 ± 0.87	15.63 ± 0.71
Group 2	6.35 ± 0.60^a***	9.55 ± 0.49^a***	6.45 ± 0.66^a***	27.30 ± 1.07^a***	8.88 ± 0.38^a***
Group 3	8.85 ± 0.60^b***	14.50 ± 0.90^b***	7.86 ± 0.59^b***	31.77 ± 0.74^b***	11.26 ± 0.65^b***
Group 4	10.98 ± 0.70^b***	17.42 ± 0.56^b***	9.83 ± 0.50^b***	36.27 ± 0.80^b***	13.97 ± 0.59^b***
Group 5	13.16 ± 0.54	20.28 ± 0.75	13.47 ± 0.49	41.14 ± 0.73	15.36 ± 0.63

AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and CPK: IU/L. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 1.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the status of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001. See Appendix 1 for key.

Figure 2.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 3.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the activity of catalase (CAT) in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 4.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 5.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the levels of glutathione (GSH) in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 6.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the levels of protein carbonyl in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 7.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the levels of non-protein thiols in the heart and kidney of rats exposed to γ-radiation. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Comparisons are made as: a, compared with Group 1; b, compared with Group 2. ***, statistical significance at p < 0.001.

Figure 8.  Effect of hesperidin treatment on the histopathology of heart tissue of rats exposed to γ-radiation. (A) Group 1; (B) Group 2; (C) Group 3; (D) Group 4; (E) Group 5; × 200.