Antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extract from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus

Figures & data

Table 1.  Microorganism strains used in triage.

	ATCC
Gram-positive bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus	29213
Micrococcus roseus	1740
Sporulated Gram-positive bacteria
Bacillus cereus	14579
Bacillus stearothermophilus	1262
Bacillus atrophaeus	6633
Gram-negative bacteria
Enterobacter cloacae	HMA/FT502
Enterobacter aerogenes	13048
Escherichia coli	8739
Escherichia coli	25922
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	9027
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	27253
Serratia marcescens	14756
Fungi
Candida albicans	1023

Table 2.  Microorganisms obtained from clinical isolates used in MIC determination.

	Number
Gram-positive bacteria – clinical isolates
Staphylococcus aureus	209
Staphylococcus aureus	223
Staphylococcus aureus	225
Staphylococcus aureus	234
Gram-negative bacteria – clinical isolates
Pseudomonas stutzeri	130 B
Pseudomonas stutzeri	157 D
Pseudomonas stutzeri	230 B
Pseudomonas stutzeri	55 B
Pseudomonas stutzeri	90 A
Pseudomonas stutzeri	105 D

Table 3.  Halo averages (mm) of microbial growth inhibition obtained in the agar diffusion test using crude ethanol extracts of P. pseudocaryophyllus specimens and controls.

Microorganisms	Extract I	Extract II	Extract III	Ethanol 95% (v/v)	Penicillin 10 μg	Erythromycin 15 μg
S. aureus ATCC 29213	17	19	17	0	18	NP
M. roseus ATCC 1740	27	29	28	0	NP	NP
B. cereus ATCC 14579	16	18	16	0	0	NP
B. stearothermophilus ATCC 1262	13	15	13	0	13	NP
B. atrophaeus ATCC 6633	14	16	14	0	14	NP
E. cloacae ATCC HMA/FT502	0	0	0	0	NP	0
E. aerogenes ATCC 13048	0	0	0	0	NP	0
E. coli ATCC 8739	0	0	0	0	NP	0
E. coli ATCC 25922	0	0	0	0	NP	0
P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027	13	12	13	0	NP	0
P. aeruginosa ATCC 27253	13	15	16	0	NP	10
S. marcescens ATCC 14756	15	14	15	0	NP	NP
Candida albicans ATCC 1023	T	T	T	0	NP	NP

Extract I, leaves collected in Brasília in April 2005; Extract II, leaves collected in Brasília in September 2005; Extract III, leaves collected in São Gonçalo do Abaeté in July 2000; NP, not performed; T, traces of microbial growth inhibition.

Table 4.  Minimal inhibitory concentration (mg/mL) of the crude ethanol extracts of P. pseudocaryophyllus leaves.

Microorganisms	Extract I	Extract II	Extract III
Gram-positive
S. aureus ATCC 29213	0.39062	0.78125	0.39062
S. aureus 209	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
S. aureus 223	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
S. aureus 225	12.5	1.5625	1.5625
S. aureus 234	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
M. luteus ATCC 9341	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
M. roseus ATCC 1740	0.78125	0.78125	0.78125
B. cereus ATCC 14579	0.39062	0.78125	0.78125
B. stearothermophilus ATCC 1262	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
B. atrophaeus ATCC 6633	1.5625	1.5625	1.5625
Fungi
Candida albicans ATCC 1023	0.19531	0.19531	0.19531
Gram-negative
E. cloacae ATCC HMA/FT502	3.125	12.5	1.5625
E. aerogenes ATCC 13048	12.5	25	1.5625
E. coli ATCC 8739	12.5	1.5625	3.125
E. coli ATCC 25922	NI	25	25
P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027	3.125	1.5625	1.5625
P. aeruginosa ATCC 27253	0.39062	1.5625	0.78125
P. stutzeri 130 B	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
P. stutzeri 157 D	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
P. stutzeri 230 B	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
P. stutzeri 55 B	0.39062	1.5625	0.78125
P. stutzeri 90 A	0.78125	1.5625	0.78125
P. stutzeri 105 D	0.39062	0.78125	0.78125

Extract I, leaves collected in Brasília in April 2005; Extract II, leaves collected in Brasília in September 2005; Extract III, leaves collected in São Gonçalo do Abaeté in July 2000; NI, no inhibition of microbial growth occurred with concentrations used in this test.