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Research Article

The effect of Jian Gan powder on the proliferation, migration and polarization of macrophages and relative mechanism

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Pages 162-169 | Received 05 Aug 2023, Accepted 21 Jan 2024, Published online: 07 Feb 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Determination of components in JGP by HPLC-UV. (A) HPLC-UV chromatogram of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, liquiritin and hesperidin standards. (B) HPLC-UV chromatogram of the JGP sample. (C) The content of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, liquiritin and hesperidin in JGP. 1: chlorogenic acid; 2: paeoniflorin; 3: liquiritin; 4: hesperidin.

Figure 1. Determination of components in JGP by HPLC-UV. (A) HPLC-UV chromatogram of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, liquiritin and hesperidin standards. (B) HPLC-UV chromatogram of the JGP sample. (C) The content of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, liquiritin and hesperidin in JGP. 1: chlorogenic acid; 2: paeoniflorin; 3: liquiritin; 4: hesperidin.

Figure 2. Effect of JGP on the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells. (A) The cell viability of RAW264.7 cells was examined by CCK-8 assays. (B) RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of JGP. The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was detected by the CCK8 assay. (C) The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using a cell colony formation assay. (D) Migration of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using migration assays. (E,F) Quantification of the colony formation assay (E) and migration assay (F). The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 2. Effect of JGP on the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells. (A) The cell viability of RAW264.7 cells was examined by CCK-8 assays. (B) RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of JGP. The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was detected by the CCK8 assay. (C) The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using a cell colony formation assay. (D) Migration of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using migration assays. (E,F) Quantification of the colony formation assay (E) and migration assay (F). The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 3. STAT3 overexpression promotes proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells. (A) Diagram of the construction pattern of the lentivirus vector. (B,C) Detection of transfection efficiency and determination of the final polybrene loading dose in 293T cells. (D) Construction of STAT3 cell line overexpression in RAW264.7 cells. (E) The expression of STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells observed by RT-PCR. (F,G) The proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using a cell colony formation assay and migration assays. (H,I) Quantification of the colony formation assay (H) and migration assay (I). The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 3. STAT3 overexpression promotes proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells. (A) Diagram of the construction pattern of the lentivirus vector. (B,C) Detection of transfection efficiency and determination of the final polybrene loading dose in 293T cells. (D) Construction of STAT3 cell line overexpression in RAW264.7 cells. (E) The expression of STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells observed by RT-PCR. (F,G) The proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using a cell colony formation assay and migration assays. (H,I) Quantification of the colony formation assay (H) and migration assay (I). The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 4. JGP inhibits the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. RAW264.7 cells were treated with JGP or LPS for 24 h. (A) The expression of TLR4 in RAW264.7 cells observed by RT-PCR. (B,C) The expression of TLR4 observed by Western blotting (B) and the quantified protein expression level of TLR4 (C). (D,E) The expression of STAT3 observed by Western blotting (D) and the quantified protein expression level of STAT3 (E). (F,G) Expression of cleave-caspase-3 and caspase-3 observed by Western blotting (F) and quantified protein expression levels of cleave-caspase-3 and caspase-3 (G). The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 4. JGP inhibits the proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. RAW264.7 cells were treated with JGP or LPS for 24 h. (A) The expression of TLR4 in RAW264.7 cells observed by RT-PCR. (B,C) The expression of TLR4 observed by Western blotting (B) and the quantified protein expression level of TLR4 (C). (D,E) The expression of STAT3 observed by Western blotting (D) and the quantified protein expression level of STAT3 (E). (F,G) Expression of cleave-caspase-3 and caspase-3 observed by Western blotting (F) and quantified protein expression levels of cleave-caspase-3 and caspase-3 (G). The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 5. JGP regulates macrophage M1/M2 polarization. (A) The expression of CD86 observed by RT-PCR. (B) Mrc1 expression was observed by RT-PCR. The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.

Figure 5. JGP regulates macrophage M1/M2 polarization. (A) The expression of CD86 observed by RT-PCR. (B) Mrc1 expression was observed by RT-PCR. The experiment was repeated in triplicate and the results are presented as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns: not significant.