Glaucoma is probably not useful as a red flag for amyloidosis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overview of study methodology and results.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics.

	Glaucoma N = 182,748	Controls N = 182,748	p-value
Demographics
Median age, years (IQR)	72.0 (64.0–79.0)	72.0 (64.0–79.0)	–
Female	56.3%	56.3%	–
Comorbidities
Hypertension	8.6	7.8	<.0001
Ischemic heart disease	7.3	7.0	<.0001
Myocardial infarction	3.1	3.2	.26
Heart failure	2.9	3.1	.002
Atrial fibrillation	3.6	3.7	.05
Stroke	3.7	3.8	.53
COPD	3.1	3.0	.52
Chronic kidney disease	1.4	1.2	<.0001
Diabetes mellitus*	10.5	6.6	<.0001
Cancer	7.1	6.5	<.0001
Amyloidosis	0.01	0.01	.49
Pharmacotherapy
Statins	15.8	13.2	<.0001
ASA	17.5	14.5	<.0001
ADP inhibitors	1.7	1.6	.027
Anticoagulants	3.8	3.6	.002
Antidiabetics	9.3	5.7	<.0001
Beta blockers	10.9	11.6	<.0001
ACE-I	21.4	17.1	<.0001
MRA	1.7	1.8	.064
Digoxin	3.6	3.3	.001
Furosemide	8.5	8.2	.002
Bumetanide	0.3	0.2	.10
Thiazides	12.0	10.1	<.0001
Calcium antagonists	14.5	11.7	<.0001
Dihydropyiridine	11.6	9.4	<.0001
Non-dihydropyridine	2.9	2.3	<.0001

IQR: interquartile range; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; ADP: adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors; ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; MRA: mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists.

*Diabetes mellitus was defined as an ICD-code for diabetes mellitus and/or an ATC-code for anti-diabetics.

Table

ICD codes
Amyloidosis:	E85
Hypertension:	I10, I15
Ischemic heart disease:	I20, I21, I22, I23, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414
Myocardial infarction:	I21-I22, 410
Heart failure:	I42, I50, J819, I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, 425, 428
Atrial fibrillation:	I48, 42794, 42793
Stroke:	I63, I64, 430, 431, 432, 433, 436
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:	J42, J43, J44, 490, 491, 492
Diabetes mellitus:	E10-E14, 250
Cancer:	C00-C97, 140–209
Chronic kidney disease:	N02, N03, N04, N05, N06, N07, N08, N11, N21, N14, N18, N19, N26, N15.8, N15.9, N16.0, N16.2, N16.3, N16.4, N16.8, Q61.2, Q61.3, Q61.5, Q61.9, E10.2, E11.2, E13.2, E14.2, I12.0, M30.0, M31.3, M31.9, T85.8, T85.9, Z99.2, 403, 404, 581, 582, 584, 250.02, 400.39, 590.09, 593.20, 753.10, 753.11, 753.19
ATC codes
Anti-glaucoma drugs:	S01E, S01A, S01EB, S01EC, S01ED, S01EE
Statins:	C10A
Acetylic salicylic acid:	B01AC06
Clopidogrel:	B01AC04
Prasugrel:	B01AC22
Ticagrelor:	B01AC24
Vitamin K antagonists:	B01AA
Direct oral anticoagulants:	B01AE, B01AF
Beta blockers:	C07
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors:	C09
Mineralocorticoid antagonists:	C03D
Digoxin:	C01AA05
Furosemide:	C03CA01
Bumetanide	C03CA02
Thiazides:	C03A
Calcium channel blockers:	C08
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers	C08CA
Anti-diabetics:	A10