Early and mid-term results after endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms using the off-the-shelf multibranched t-Branch device: a national multi-center study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics and comorbidities*.

Variables	t-Branch patients
Age, years	70.6 (6.1)
Male, number	38 (54.3)
Body mass index, kg/m^2	25.0 (4.2)
Active smoker	26 (37.1)
Systolic BP, at admission	133.8 (20.8)
Diastolic BP, at admission	82.4 (14.8)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	49 (70.0)
Heart failure	12 (17.1)
Coronary artery disease	23 (32.9)
Peripheral artery disease	17 (24.3)
COPD	23 (32.9)
Diabetes	7 (10.0)
Connective tissue disease	1 (1.4)
Previous surgery
CSB	4 (5.7)
AAA–open	11 (15.7)
AAA–EVAR	3 (4.3)
Ascending AA / A-dissection–open	16 (22.9)
Descending AA / B-dissection–open	1 (1.4)
Descending AA / B-dissection–TEVAR	9 (12.9)
CABG	2 (2.6)
Aortic valve replacement	1 (1.4)
PCI	7 (10.0)
ASA class
II	2 (2.9)
III	47 (67.1)
IV	21 (30.0)
Creatinine, µmol/L	98.8 (35.7)

Abbreviations: BP: blood pressure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CSB: carotid-subclavian bypass; AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; EVAR: endovascular aortic repair; TEVAR: thoracic endovascular aortic repair; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.

* Continuous data are presented as mean (SD). Categoric data are given as counts (%).

Table 2. Aneurysm morphology*.

Variables	t-Branch patients
Crawford-Safi classification
I	5 (7.1)
II	27 (38.6)
III	17 (24.3)
IV	19 (27.1)
V	2 (2.9)
Diameter, mm	68.8 (10.8)
Clock position, hh:mm
RRA	9:55 (8:30, 11:30)^a
LRA	14:52 (9:00, 16:30)^a
Status internal iliac arteries
Right – occluded	6 (8.6)
Right – open	64 (91.4)
Left – occluded	6 (8.6)
Left – open	64 (91.4)
Presentation
Asymptomatic	50 (71.4)
Symptomatic – free rupture	0
Symptomatic – contained rupture	6 (8.6)
Symptomatic – not ruptured	14 (20.0)
Aneurysm etiology
Degenerative	65 (92.9)
B-dissection	3 (4.3)
Traumatic	1 (1.4)
Connective tissue disease	1 (1.4)

Abbreviations: RRA:right renal artery; LRA:left renal artery.

* Continuous data are presented as mean (SD). Categoric data are given as counts (%).

a With reference to the CT at 12:00. Parenthesis giving the extreme values.

Table 3. Covered stents implanted in target vessels.

TV	Fluency^a	Advant^b	Covera^a	VBX^c	BeGraft^d	Others^e
CT	41	1	2	15	3	3
SMA	49	3	4	20	0	2
RRA	39	2	5	21	2	2
LRA	41	11	4	25	5	2
Total	170	17	15	81	10	9

Abbreviations: TV:target vessel; CT:celiac trunk; SMA:superior mesenteric artery; RRA: right renal artery; LRA: left renal artery.

a BD.

b Getinge.

c Gore Medical.

d Bentley.

e Including Visi-Pro, EverFlex, Protégé, Tigris and ZISL.

Table 4. Major postoperative adverse events.

All cause	15
30-day mortality	5
Myocardial infarction	0
Respiratory failure^a	2
Renal failure^b	7
Bowel ischemia^c	1
Major stroke	4
Permanent paraplegia	7

a Requring prolonged mechanical ventilation or reintubation.

b >50% reduction in baseline eGFR or new-onset dialysis.

c Requiring surgical resection or not resolving with medical therapy.

Table 5. 30-Day spinal cord ischemia.

SCI classification	Paraplegia			Paraparesis
	0	I	II	III	IV
Postoperatively	7	1	1	2	5
30-day	5	2	0	1	7

0 = no movement; I = minimal motion or flicker: II = motion but not against resistance; III = motion against resistance; IV = ability to stand and walk with assistance as described by Greenberg et al. [15].

Figure 1. Survival postoperatively analyzed with Kaplan-Meier statistics. Curves are truncated at 36 months post-EVAR. EVAR: endovascular aortic repair.

Figure 2. Freedom from aorta-related reintervention postoperatively analyzed with Kaplan-Meier statistics. Curves are truncated at 36 months post-EVAR. EVAR: endovascular aortic repair.

Table 6. Reinterventions during 36 months follow-up.

Indications	# of reinterventions
Major	12
Proximal extension	3
Distal extension	5
TV thrombectomy/thrombolysis	2
Device explantation	1
Renal artery bypass	1
Minor	19
Type 2 endoleak	6
Branch-related endoleak	8
Type Ic	2
Type IIIc	6
PTA	2
Target vessel stenting	3

Abbreviations: TV: target vessel; PTA: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Table 7. Reasons for failure of primary clinical success.

Failure cause	# of patients
Technical failure	4
Procedure- or aorta-related death	6
Persistent type 1 or 3 EL	12
Aneurysm sac expansion without type 1 or 3 EL	7
Conversion to open surgical repair	1
Permanent paraplegia	4
Disabling stroke	3
Dialysis	0

Abbreviations: EL: endoleak

Greenberg RK, Lu Q, Roselli EE, et al. Contemporary analysis of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: a comparison of endovascular and open techniques. Circulation. 2008;118(8):808–817. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.769695.

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