Influenza vaccine response: future perspectives

Figures & data

Table 1. Influenza vaccines available in the USA for 2016–2017 influenza season.

	Presentation	Age indication	Mercury (from thimerosal), µg/0.5 mL	Latex	Route of administration
Inactivated influenza vaccine, quadrivalent standard dose	0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringe	≥3 years	Not relevant	No	IM
	0.25 mL single-dose prefilled syringe	6 through 35 months	Not relevant	No	IM
	0.1 mL single-dose prefilled microinjection system	18 through 64 years	Not relevant	No	ID
Inactivated influenza vaccine, quadrivalent, cell culture-based standard dose	0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringe	≥4 years	Not relevant	No	IM
Inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent standard dose	0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringe	≥4 years	≤1	Yes^a	IM
Adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent standard dose	0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringe	≥65 years	Not relevant	Yes^a	IM
Inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent, high dose	0.5 mL single-dose prefilled syringe	≥65 years	Not relevant	No	IM
Recombinant influenza vaccine, trivalent (RIV3)	0.5 mL single-dose vial	≥18 years	Not relevant	No	IM
Live attenuated influenza vaccine, quadrivalent (LAIV4)	0.2 mL single-dose prefilled intranasal sprayer	2 through 49 years	Not relevant	No	NAS

ID: intradermal; IM: intramuscular; NAS: intranasal.

^aSyringe tip cap might contain natural rubber latex.

Modified from Grohskopf et al. [5]

Table 2. Major factors known to determine influenza vaccine response.

Major factors known to determine influenza vaccine response
– Age
– Gender
– Genetic differences in immune responsiveness
– History of infection and previous vaccination
– Medical history
– Health status

Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65:1–54.

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