Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Taxus wallichiana Zucc

Figures & data

Table I.  In vitro antibacterial activity of crude extracts and fractions of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Hole-diffusion method.

Name of Bacteria	Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth (in mm) by various samples
	Std. drug	IB	IL	IW	IF-1	IF-2	IF-3	IF-4
Escherchia coli	24	10	9	10	–	–	10	–
Bacillus subtilis	23	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Shigella flexeneri	28	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Staphylococcus aureus	27	12	–	11	–	9	–	10
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	20	14	14	17	–	–	14	15
Salmonella typhi	26	13	12	–	–	–	–	12

Std. drug: imipenem, IB: Methanol bark extract, IL: Methanol leaf extract, IW: Methanol bark extract, IF-1: n-Hexane fraction of IB, IF-2: Chloroform fraction of IB, IF-3: Ethyl acetate fraction of IB and IF-4: Water fraction of IB.

Table II.  In vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts and fractions of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Hole-diffusion method.

Bacteria	% Inhibition of Fungal Growth By Various Samples
	Std. drug	IB	IL	IW	IF-1	IF-2	IF-3	IF-4
Trichophyton longifusus	70^1	30	60	50	40	–	50	–
Candida albicans	110^1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Aspergillus flavus	20^2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Microsporum canis	98.4^1	20	40	50	80	–	–	–
Fusarium solani	73.26^1	80	–	60	90	90	–	–
Candida glaberata	110.8^1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

1 Standard Drug = Miconazole,

2 Standard Drug = Amphotericin B; IB: Methanol bark extract, IL: Methanol leaf extract, IW: Methanol bark extract, IF-1: n-Hexane fraction of IB, IF-2: Chloroform fraction of IB, IF-3: Ethyl acetate fraction of IB and IF-4: Water fraction of IB.

Table III.  Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts and Fractions by macrodilution method.

Bacterium	MIC (mg/mL)
	Std. drug	IB	IL	IW	IF-1	IF-2	IF-3	IF-4
Escherchia coli	0.0002	0.83	0.67	0.62	>200	50	0.64	>200
Bacillus subtilis	0.0005	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200
Shigella flexeneri	0.0003	150	150	>200	50	>200	>200	>200
Staphylococcus aureus	0.0009	0.49	150	0.54	>200	0.59	50	0.61
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0.0021	0.31	0.33	0.23	50	>200	0.39	0.26
Salmonella typhi	0.0014	0.42	0.46	>200	>200	>200	>200	0.38

Std. drug: imipenem, IB: Methanolic bark extract, IL: Methanolic leaves extract, IW: Methanolic bark extract, IF-1: Hexane fraction of IB, IF-2: Chloroform fraction of IB, IF-3: Ethyl acetate fraction of IB and IF-4: Water fraction of IB.

Table IV.  Antifungal Activity of Crude Extracts and Fractions by macrodilution method.

Fungus	MIC (mg/mL)
	Std. drug	IB	IL	IW	IF-1	IF-2	IF-3	IF-4
Trichophyton longifusus	0.0014^1	>200	0.19	0.22	0.28	3.54	0.23	>200
Candida albicans	0.0001^1	>200	100	>200	100	150	>200	>200
Aspergillus flavus	0.027^2	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200
Microspoum canis	0.0006^1	0.78	0.32	0.21	0.17	50	>200	>200
Fusarium solani	0.0011^1	0.11	50	0.24	0.09	0.08	150	>200
Candida glaberata	0.0003^1	100	100	100	>200	>200	>200	>200

1 Standard Drug = Miconazole,

2 Standard Drug = Amphotericin B IB: Methanolic bark extract, IL: Methanolic leaves extract, IW: Methanolic bark extract, IF-1: Hexane fraction of IB, IF-2: Chloroform fraction of IB, IF-3: Ethyl acetate fraction of IB and IF-4: Water fraction of IB.