Dentine biomodification by sulphonamides pre-treatment: bond strength, proteolytic inhibition, and antimicrobial activity

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition and manufacture of commercial materials used at the study.

Material / commercial name	Composition	Manufacturer
Phosphoric acid / Ultra-Etch	Phosphoric acid 37%	(Ultradent Products Inc.– SouthJordan, USA)
Adhesive system / Adper Single Bond 2	BisGMA (10–20%), HEMA (5–15%), ethanol (25–30%), water (<5%), glycerol 1,3-dimethacrylate (5–10%), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) (5–15%), Copolymer of acrylic acid and itaconic acid, silica-silicate (10–20% nanoparticulate), diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate	(3M ESPE, StPaul, MN, USA)
Composite / Filtek Z250	Zirconia/Silica, BIS-GMA, BIS-EMA, TEGDMA and UDMA.	(3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA)

Figure 1. Chemical structures of the two arylsulphonyl-ureido-benzenesulphonamides SULFA1 and SULFA2 and their inhibitory activity against S. mutans β-CA (SmuCA).

Table 2. Relative fluorescence intensity emitted by the action of dentine gelatins.

Groups	Relative fluorescence intensity
SULFA1 100	2,02±(0,26)^D
SULFA1 150	1,78±(0,32)^CD
SULFA1 200	1,21±(0,21)^AB
SULFA2 100	1,58±(0,12)^BCD
SULFA2 150	1,47±(0,14)^ABC
SULFA2 200	1,06±(0,09)^A
DMSO	7,38±(0,25)^E
PHEN	0,98±(0,07)^A
CTR	7,40±(0,59)^E

Note: In each column, groups followed by different capital letters are statistically different (HSD of Tukey, p < 0.05).

Table 3. Average values (± DP) of bond strength after storage in distilled water (24 h and 12 months) and cariogenic challenge (CC) by microtensile bond strength assay (MPa).

Groups	24 h in distilled water µTBS (MPa)	12 months in distilled water µTBS (MPa)	Cariogenic challenge (CC) µTBS (MPa)
SULFA1	33,56±(4,34)^Aa	32,23±(5,95)^Aa	34,13±(2,71)^Aa
SULFA2	28,42±(3,50)^ABab	24,09±(5,26)^ABa	33,44±(1,65)^Ab
DMSO	23,40±(3,56)^Ba	21,60±(4,60)^Ba	27,00±(2,55)^Ba
PHEN	30,51±(5,45)^ABa	20,78±(2,58)^Bb	34,44±(3,55)^Aa
CTR	31,91±(4,06)^Ab	19,35±(2,19)^Ba	21,87±(3,47)^Ba

Note: Different capital letters vertically (column) indicate statistical difference between groups in the same column. Different lowercase letters horizontally (line) indicate statistical difference in the same group in different environments and storage times (24 h, 12 months, and cariogenic challenge).

Figure 2. Graphical representation of failure patterns (%) after storage in distilled water for 24 h, 12 months and after cariogenic challenge (CC).

Figure 3. (A) Average values (±DP) of the contact angle. Slashes by different capital letters are statistically different (HSD of Tukey, p < 0.05). (B) Representative images of the groups: A-SULFA1; B-SULFA2; C-DMSO; D-PHEN; E-CTR. ↓ drop of adhesive in contact with the dentine, forming the contact angle.

Figure 4. Representative FT-IR spectra after inhibitor application (A) and after storage in collagenase solution for 15 days (B).

Figure 5. Average values (±DP) for S. mutans biofilms in different types of surface treatment: MTT (metabolic activity) and Turbidity (planktonic cells). Slashes by different capital letters are statistically different (HSD of Tukey, p < 0.05).