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Review

Acute otitis media pneumococcal disease burden and nasopharyngeal colonization in children due to serotypes included and not included in current and new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

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Pages 118-138 | Received 28 Sep 2022, Accepted 21 Dec 2022, Published online: 26 Dec 2022

Figures & data

Table 1. AOM – determined by culture of MEF by tympanocentesis or spontaneous ear discharge or nasopharyngeal (NP) culture at the time of diagnosis of AOM.

Figure 1. Pneumococcal AOM serotype projected ‘coverage’ by PCV13 or newer PCVs in USA, Europe, or Asia. The bar graphs show the percentage of serotypes isolated from the middle ear that are contained within the various PCVs.

Figure 1. Pneumococcal AOM serotype projected ‘coverage’ by PCV13 or newer PCVs in USA, Europe, or Asia. The bar graphs show the percentage of serotypes isolated from the middle ear that are contained within the various PCVs.

Figure 2. Actual or projected serotype ‘coverage’ by PCV13 or newer PCVs in USA, Europe, Middle East, or Asia. The bar graphs show the percentage of isolated pneumococcal serotypes within the various PCVs. Panel A: from NP isolates during otitis media. Panel B: from NP isolates from healthy children.

Figure 2. Actual or projected serotype ‘coverage’ by PCV13 or newer PCVs in USA, Europe, Middle East, or Asia. The bar graphs show the percentage of isolated pneumococcal serotypes within the various PCVs. Panel A: from NP isolates during otitis media. Panel B: from NP isolates from healthy children.

Table 2. Healthy Subjects: Pneumococci serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal (NP) cultures.

Figure 3. Percentages of PCV13 vaccine type failures as determined from middle ear culture or NP cultures during AOM or in healthy children – in Europe or USA. The major vaccine type isolates observed were 3, 19A, and 19 F.

Figure 3. Percentages of PCV13 vaccine type failures as determined from middle ear culture or NP cultures during AOM or in healthy children – in Europe or USA. The major vaccine type isolates observed were 3, 19A, and 19 F.

Figure 4. Projected additional coverage beyond PCV13 by the additional serotypes in PCV15 and PCV20, as determined from middle ear culture or from NP culture during AOM or in healthy children – in Europe or USA. The added serotypes in PCV15 are 22 F and 33 F, and in PCV20 are 8, 10, 11A, 12 F, 15B, 22 F and 33 F. The projections assume the added types will be 100% effective.

Figure 4. Projected additional coverage beyond PCV13 by the additional serotypes in PCV15 and PCV20, as determined from middle ear culture or from NP culture during AOM or in healthy children – in Europe or USA. The added serotypes in PCV15 are 22 F and 33 F, and in PCV20 are 8, 10, 11A, 12 F, 15B, 22 F and 33 F. The projections assume the added types will be 100% effective.