Figures & data
Figure 1. Protein production of saRNA and mRNA in antigen-presenting cells. Taken from [Citation9] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
![Figure 1. Protein production of saRNA and mRNA in antigen-presenting cells. Taken from [Citation9] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).](/cms/asset/d3d85f31-0f21-43c5-a42e-7c1f754122f4/ierv_a_2232450_f0001_oc.jpg)
Figure 2. IVT mRNA contains five functional parts: a 5′ cap containing 7-methylguanosine linked through a triphosphate bridge to a 2′-O-methylated nucleoside, flanking 5′ and 3′ UTRs, a poly(A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) [Citation11].
![Figure 2. IVT mRNA contains five functional parts: a 5′ cap containing 7-methylguanosine linked through a triphosphate bridge to a 2′-O-methylated nucleoside, flanking 5′ and 3′ UTRs, a poly(A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) [Citation11].](/cms/asset/ff0bb403-f0bd-4593-8409-da020060755c/ierv_a_2232450_f0002_oc.jpg)
Figure 3. mRNA in vitro transcription process consisting of template preparation, in vitro transcription, 5’ cap addition, 3’ poly(A) tailing, and purification. Taken from [Citation14] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
![Figure 3. mRNA in vitro transcription process consisting of template preparation, in vitro transcription, 5’ cap addition, 3’ poly(A) tailing, and purification. Taken from [Citation14] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).](/cms/asset/0717fc58-01ef-4080-a08e-669758a831e3/ierv_a_2232450_f0003_oc.jpg)
Figure 4. Modified nucleoside bases of uridine (U), cytidine (C), and adenosine (A). Adapted from “Overview on the Development of mRNA-Based Vaccines and Their Formulation Strategies for Improved Antigen Expression in Vivo” [Citation16].
![Figure 4. Modified nucleoside bases of uridine (U), cytidine (C), and adenosine (A). Adapted from “Overview on the Development of mRNA-Based Vaccines and Their Formulation Strategies for Improved Antigen Expression in Vivo” [Citation16].](/cms/asset/da76f79c-656a-4b38-bed8-0ff3e23aadc2/ierv_a_2232450_f0004_b.gif)
Figure 5. mRNA-based vaccine mode of action for adaptive immune response. Taken from [Citation5] with permission.
![Figure 5. mRNA-based vaccine mode of action for adaptive immune response. Taken from [Citation5] with permission.](/cms/asset/f73c68e1-d843-4e0b-a395-4524d869ca06/ierv_a_2232450_f0005_oc.jpg)
Figure 6. The routes of delivery for mRNA vaccines. Taken from [Citation53] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
![Figure 6. The routes of delivery for mRNA vaccines. Taken from [Citation53] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).](/cms/asset/d0ac3bb2-c26b-445b-b70f-c76e87f2042e/ierv_a_2232450_f0006_oc.jpg)