Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination on hospitalization and death in the adult and older adult diabetic population: a systematic review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow-chart of the literature search and articles selection for the systematic review.

Table 1. Characteristics of included studies on pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness in diabetic patients.

Author, year	Country	Study design	Period	Study sample (n)	Population’s conditions	Mean age and standard deviation or age group	Male (%)
Davis TME, 2017 [25]	Australia	Longitudinal prospective cohort study	Enrollment 2008–2011, follow-up until June 2013	1,465 (624 vaccinated; 841 unvaccinated)	Diabetes mellitus (type 2)	65.7 ± 11.6 years	51.9
Kuo CS, 2016 [26]	Taiwan	Population-based retrospective cohort study	2007–2009	66,790 (33,395 vaccinated; 33395 unvaccinated)	Diabetes mellitus (type not specified)	75 years or more	52.1

Table 2. Results of studies on the association between pneumococcal vaccination and the risk of hospitalization or death in diabetic adult patients.

Author, year	Pneumococcal vaccine used	Outcome	Main Result	Adjustment
Davis TME, 2017 [25]	PPV23^a	Hospitalizations or death due to pneumonia	aHR: 0.76 (95%CI : 0.47-1-26)	GFR^b; major depression
Kuo CS, 2016 [26]	PPV23^a	Hospitalizations	aOR: 0.97 (95%CI 0.93–1.01)	age; gender; COPD^c; flu vaccination; Charlson index; duration of diabetes

^aGlomerular Filtration Rate.

^bChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

^cPolysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine 23-valent.

Davis TME, Kauhanen J, Davis WA. Pneumococcal vaccination and incident hospitalisation for pneumonia in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Intern Med J. 2017 Oct;47(10):1206–1210. doi: 10.1111/imj.13569

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Kuo CS, Lu CW, Chang YK, et al. Effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on diabetic elderly. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jun;95(26):e4064. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004064

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Data availability statement

Data supporting reported results are available upon request to the corresponding author.