The preterm parturition syndrome and its implications for understanding the biology, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of preterm birth

Francesca Gotsch Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA

Roberto Romero Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USACorrespondence[email protected]

Offer Erez Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Edi Vaisbuch Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Juan Pedro Kusanovic Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Shali Mazaki-Tovi Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Sun Kwon Kim Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA

Sonia Hassan Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Lami Yeo Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA

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Figures & data

Figure 1. The common pathway of term and preterm parturition. Reproduced with permission from reference 2.

Figure 2. Pathological processes implicated in the preterm parturition syndrome. Reproduced with permission from reference 2.

Figure 3. Fetal target organs during the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS): haematopoietic system, adrenals, heart, brain, lungs and skin. CSFs: colony stimulating factors; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases. Reproduced with permission from reference 269.

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