Chance of healthy versus adverse outcome in subsequent pregnancy after previous loss beyond 16 weeks: data from a specialized follow-up clinic

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics in women with healthy outcomes compared with women with adverse outcomes in their subsequent pregnancy.

Characteristic	Healthy outcome (N=76)	Adverse outcomes (N=20)	p Value
Median maternal age (years) & range	35 (20–45)	34.5 (22–55)	MW .48 =P
Ethnicity: white	32 (42.1)	10 (50.0)
Other white background	10 (13.2)	1 (5.0)
Black or black British	16 (21.1)	6 (30.0)
Mixed background	4 (5.3)	0 (0.0)
South Asian or south Asian British	9 (11.8)	3 (15.0)
Any other Asian background	4 (5.3)	0 (0.0)
Any other ethnic group	1 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
Median BMI (kg/m^2 (range))	25.9 (17.8–30.1)	26.1 (15.7–35.5)	MW .903= P
Current smokers	2 (2.6)	2 (10.0)	.191
Diabetes mellitus	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Hypertensive disorders	4 (4.2)	2 (10.0)	.601
Genetic abnormalities	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Data are counts (%) or median and range. MW: Mann Whitney.

Table 2. Previous adverse maternal and obstetric complications with an emphasis on placental complications.

Previous obstetric and maternal complication	Healthy outcome (N= 76)	Adverse outcome (N= 20)	p Value (Fischer)
Pre-eclampsia	6 (7.9)	5 (25.0)	.048*
Preterm birth	5 (6.6)	1 (5)	>.999
Fetal growth restriction	8 (10.5)	7 (35)	.014*
Placental abruption	8 (10.5)	5 (25.0)	.136
Fetal vascular malperfusion	2 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	>.999
Placental villous dysmaturity	2 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	>.999
Pprom	4 (5.3)	1 (5.0)	>.999
Miscarriages <15w	34 (44.7)	6 (30.0)	.310
Miscarriages 16–23 w^a	14 (18.4)	2 (10.0)	.510
Recurrent (>3)	9 (11.8)	3 (15.0)	>.999
Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (chi)	3 (3.9)	2 (10.0)	.278
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Antiphospholipid syndrome (aps)	3 (3.9)	1 (5.0)	>.999
HELLP	2 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	>.999
Other thrombophilia	3 (3.9)	0 (0.0)	>.999

Data are counts (%).

^aFigure does not include the previous IUFD.

*p Value is statistically significant at <.05.

Table A1. Women who had recurrent IUFD further explained.

IUFD cases	Previous IUFD		Subsequent IUFD
Patient 1	Mother: 26 years of age, G1P0, 28 weeks of gestation, boy, 912 g, died in utero		Mother: 36 years of age, BMI 30,8, G5P3, PAPP-A 0.6995, 20 weeks of gestation, girl, 154 g, died in utero
	Cause of death	Considered unknown, evidence of placental insufficiency with placental abruption	Cause of death	Unexplained
	Management	Aspirin 75 mg	Management	Aspirin 75 mg
Patient 2	Mother: 53 years of age, G0P0, 23 weeks of gestation		Mother: 54 years of age, G1P0, PAPP-A 1.2815, 19 weeks of gestation, boy, 320 g, died in utero
	Cause of death	Pregnancy loss following chronic PV bleeding throughout 1st and 2nd trimester secondary to sub-chorionic hematoma, with PPROM and subsequent significant antepartum hemorrhage	Cause of death	Early rupture of membranes; PPROM, with severe chorioamnionitis
	Management	Aspirin 150mg, Labetalol	Management	Labetalol
	Obstetric history	Advanced maternal age, IVF donor egg donor sperm, essential hypertension