Effects of preventive nursing based on quantitative evaluation on psychological state and maternal–infant outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics.

Clinical characteristics	Study group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 59)	χ^2/t	p
Age, (years)	26.67 ± 6.83	26.62 ± 6.79	0.039	.968
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.76 ± 3.19	28.72 ± 3.13	0.069	.945
Primipara, n (%)	32 (54.24%)	33 (55.93%)	0.034	.853
Gestational weeks(weeks)	25.31 ± 1.91	25.28 ± 1.84	–0.203	.839
Number of pregnancy	3.38 ± 1.04	3.41 ± 1.05	–0.156	.876
Number of deliveries	1.82 ± 0.32	1.78 ± 0.41	0.591	.556
Blood glucose level
FBG (mmol/L)	8.87 ± 2.01	8.81 ± 1.94	0.137	.891
HbA1c (%)	9.34 ± 2.03	9.31 ± 2.01	0.081	.936
2hPBG (mmol/L)	13.78 ± 2.18	13.72 ± 2.13	0.155	.879
Degree of social support
Objective support (points)	8.69 ± 1.51	8.72 ± 1.57	–0.106	.916
Subjective support (points)	16.28 ± 2.13	16.31 ± 2.18	–0.076	.939
Social support utilization (points)	6.98 ± 1.23	7.03 ± 1.27	–0.217	.829
Total score (points)	31.95 ± 4.87	33.51 ± 5.02	–1.713	.089
Resilience
Optimism (points)	6.63 ± 0.39	6.69 ± 0.43	–0.794	.429
Self-strengthening (points)	13.02 ± 2.09	13.07 ± 2.13	–0.129	.898
Tenacity (points)	21.23 ± 2.31	21.29 ± 2.39	–0.139	.889
Total score (points)	40.88 ± 4.79	41.03 ± 4.95	–0.167	.868
Coping styles
Confrontation (points)	14.87 ± 1.76	14.93 ± 1.79	–0.184	.854
Avoidance (points)	18.93 ± 1.73	18.96 ± 1.71	–0.095	.924
Acceptance (points)	15.09 ± 2.07	15.03 ± 2.02	0.159	.874

BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; 2hPBG: 2 h postprandial blood glucose.

Table 2. Comparison of blood glucose level after intervention.

Blood glucose level	Study group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 59)	χ^2/t	p
FBG (mmol/L)	4.83 ± 1.21	5.47 ± 1.96	–2.134	.035
HbA1c (%)	5.32 ± 2.02	6.12 ± 1.93	–2.199	.031
2hPBG (mmol/L)	5.21 ± 1.76	6.02 ± 1.83	–2.448	.016

FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; 2hPBG: 2 h postprandial blood glucose.

Table 3. Comparison of degree of social support after intervention.

Degree of social support	Study group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 59)	χ^2/t	p
Objective support (points)	15.88 ± 1.65	12.82 ± 1.61	10.196	<.001
Subjective support (points)	29.38 ± 1.76	24.39 ± 1.73	15.531	<.001
Social support utilization (points)	11.67 ± 1.34	8.48 ± 1.41	12.597	<.001
Total score (points)	56.93 ± 4.75	45.69 ± 4.75	12.852	<.001

Table 4. Comparison of resilience after intervention.

Resilience	Study group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 59)	χ^2/t	p
Optimism (points)	8.89 ± 0.41	7.63 ± 0.48	15.331	<.001
Self-strengthening (points)	23.43 ± 2.11	18.07 ± 2.06	13.962	<.001
Tenacity (points)	33.29 ± 2.43	27.01 ± 2.31	14.387	<.001
Total score (points)	65.61 ± 4.95	52.71 ± 4.85	14.298	<.001

Table 5. Comparison of coping styles after intervention.

Coping styles	Study group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 59)	χ^2/t	p
Confrontation (points)	24.39 ± 1.83	21.09 ± 1.82	9.821	<.001
Avoidance (points)	11.71 ± 2.31	14.76 ± 2.28	–7.218	<.001
Acceptance (points)	8.23 ± 1.21	9.34 ± 1.27	–4.861	<.001

Table 6. Comparison of maternal–infant outcomes.

Maternal–infant outcomes	Study group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 59)	χ^2/t	p
Mode of delivery
Cesarean delivery, n (%)	12 (20.34)	29 (49.15)	10.802	.001
Natural birth, n (%)	47 (79.66)	30 (50.85)
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, n (%)	0	6 (10.17)	10.796	.002
Polyhydramnios, n (%)	0	6 (10.17)	10.796	.002
Premature rupture of membranes, n (%)	0	6 (10.17)	10.796	.002
Preterm birth, n (%)	1 (1.69)	8 (13.56)	5.894	.015
Hyperbilirubinemia, n (%)	1 (1.69)	8 (13.56)	5.894	.015
Neonatal hypoglycemia, n (%)	0	8 (13.56)	5.894	.015
Neonatal 5-minute Apgar score (points)	95.23 ± 1.29	95.18 ± 1.23	0.215	.828
Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%)	0	3 (5.08)	3.078	.079

Data availability statement

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.