From pandemic to syndemic: microbiota, pregnancy, and environment at a crossroad

Figures & data

Figure 1. Coronavirus, bacteria, red blood cell and particulate matter dimensions. Image taken from #seetheair website.

Table 1. The worst epidemics in recent history.

Year	Virus/disease	Country of origin	Zoonosis	Infected	Deaths	Mortality
Annual	seasonal Influenza	East, South, and Southeast Asia	Bird/pig	1 billion	123–203 mln	<1%
1967	Marburg	Uganda	Bat/monkey	590	478	81%
1968	“Hong Kong” flu Avian H3N2	Southern China	Bird	∼500 mln	∼1 mln	<0.2%
1981–2021	HIV	Congo/USA	Chimpanzee	75 mln	32 mln	∼43%
1976	Ebola	Congo	Primates	18,603	14,693	79%
1997	Avian H5N1	Hong Kong	Bird	∼900	∼500	∼60%
1999	Nipah	Malaysia	Bat	496	265	53%
2002	SARS	China	Bat/Mouse	8240	811	∼10%
2009	Swine H1N1	USA/Mexico	Pig	∼1000 mln	∼0.4 mln	∼0.1%
2012	MERS	Saudi Arabia	Camel	2428	858	∼35%
2013	Avian H7N9	China	Chicken	>1500	∼600	∼40%
2014	Ebola	West Africa	Fruits bats	∼28,000	∼11,000	40–65%
2019–2021	COVID-19	China	Bat? Lab?	187 mln	4.05 mln	2.2%