Pain responses in preterm infants and parental stress over repeated painful procedures: a randomized pilot trial

Figures & data

Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Premature infant born at the Women’s and children′s Hospital in Bern Born between 24 0/7-32 0/7 weeks of gestation, birthweight (bw) <1250g Infant in need of s.c. erythropoietin German-speaking and writing parents Written informed consent of parents	Premature with an umbilical artery pH <7.00 or asphyxia Premature with life-threatening malformations of the central nervous system Premature with intracranial hemorrhage (even if not present at initiation of study) Premature with any surgical intervention Parents with substance abuse (i.e. methadone, heroin, etc.), mentioned in the patient documents

Table 2. Demographic and clinical data.

Characteristics	N	%
Female/ Male	8/5	62/38
Nationality
Swiss	12	92
Russian	1	8
Age gestational week at birth
<28	5	38
28-31	8	62
31-32	None	–
Parental involvement
Mother/ Father	12/ 0	100/0
Birth weight
<1000g	8	62
1000–1250 g	5	38
Respiratory support during initial hospitalization in NICU
Ventilation	1	8
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)	9	69
None	3	23

Figure 1. Flowchart of participants in-/excluded.

Figure 2. Power depending on sample size.