Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between IVF-ET pregnancies and spontaneous pregnancies in women of advanced maternal age

Figures & data

Table 1. Maternal general conditions of the ART and spontaneous groups.

	ART (n = 241)	Spontaneous (n = 3086)	p-value
Age	37.40 ± 2.74	37.29 ± 2.27	NS
BMI	22.50 ± 2.58	22.12 ± 2.65	NS
Gravidity	2.46 ± 1.36	3.69 ± 1.68	<.001
Parity	1.23 ± 0.43	1.88 ± 0.55	<.001
Gestational weeks	37.81 ± 2.14	38.59 ± 1.69	<.001
Primigravida	78.4%	20.4%	<.001
Twin birth	28.6%	2.1%	<.001
Delivery method
Cesarean delivery	90.5%	76.2%	<.001
Vaginal delivery	9.5%	23.8%	<.001

Note: Data are presented as means ± SDs for continuous variables and n (%) for dichotomous variables. ART: assisted reproductive technology; BMI: body mass index (pre-pregnancy).

Table 2. Maternal and fetal outcomes of IVF compared to spontaneous pregnancies.

	Total Samples			Singleton Pregnancies
	ART	Spontaneous	p-value	ART	Spontaneous	p-value
Maternal Outcomes
	241	3086		172	3021
GDM	41.5%	36.8%	NS	41.3%	36.8%	NS
ICP	2.9%	3.5%	NS	1.7%	3.4%	NS
Gestational hypertension	5.8%	2.9%	.010	7.0%	2.7%	.001
Preeclampsia	5.0%	2.3%	.012	4.1%	2.3%	NS
Placenta previa	6.6%	8.5%	NS	6.4%	8.6%	NS
PROM	16.6%	16.7%	NS	14.0%	16.7%	NS
Preterm birth
28 ∼ 31^+6 weeks	2.9%	1.1%	.038	1.2%	1.0%	NS
32 ∼ 33^+6 weeks	5.0%	1.4%	<.001	1.2%	1.3%	NS
34 ∼ 36^+6 weeks	15.8%	9.4%	.001	8.7%	8.7%	NS
Placental abruption	1.2%	0.9%	NS	1.2%	0.9%	NS
Fetal Outcomes
	310	3151		172	3021
Birth Weight (g)	2882.61 ± 657.70	3223.05 ± 534.28	<.001	3267.70 ± 483.38	3259.10 ± 503.63	NS
LBW	24.8%	8.1%	<.001	7.0%	6.1%	NS
VLBW	2.6%	1.1%	NS	0.0%	0.9%	NS
Macrosomia	2.3%	5.1%	.027	4.1%	5.3%	NS
FGR	1.9%	2.1%	NS	0.6%	1.9%	NS
Fetal distress	1.9%	2.3%	NS	2.9%	2.3%	NS
Neonatal asphyxia	0.0%	0.3%	NS	0.0%	0.3%	NS
Fetal anomalies	0.3%	0.9%	NS	0.6%	0.9%	NS

Note: Data are presented as means ± SDs for continuous variables and n (%) for dichotomous variables. ART: assisted reproductive technology; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; ICP: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; PROM: premature rupture of membranes; LBW: low birthweight, birth weight <2500g; VLBW: very low birth weight, birth weight <1500g; Macrosomia: birth weight ≥ 4000 g; FGR: fetal growth restriction.

Table 3. Maternal and fetal outcomes of singleton and twin pregnancies in ART group.

	Singleton	Twin	p-value
Maternal Outcomes
	172	69
GDM	41.3%	40.2%	NS
ICP	1.7%	5.8%	NS
Gestational hypertension	7.0%	2.9%	NS
Preeclampsia	4.1%	7.2%	NS
Placenta previa	6.4%	7.2%	NS
PROM	14.0%	23.2%	NS
Preterm birth
28 ∼ 31^+6 weeks	1.2%	14.5%	<.001
32 ∼ 33^+6 weeks	1.2%	7.2%	.034
34 ∼ 36^+6 weeks	8.7%	33.3%	<.001
Placental abruption	1.2%	1.4%	NS
Fetal Outcomes
	172	138
Birth Weight (g)	3267.70 ± 483.38	2402.64 ± 515.54	<.001
LBW	7.0%	47.1%	<.001
VLBW	0.0%	5.8%	.005
Macrosomia	4.1%	0.0%	.044
FGR	0.6%	3.6%	NS
Fetal distress	2.9%	0.7%	NS
Neonatal asphyxia	0.0%	0.0%	NS
Fetal anomalies	0.6%	0.0%	NS

Note: Data are presented as means ± SDs for continuous variables and n (%) for dichotomous variables. ART: assisted reproductive technology; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; ICP: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; PROM: premature rupture of membranes; LBW: low birthweight, birth weight <2500g; VLBW: very low birth weight, birth weight <1500g; Macrosomia: birth weight ≥ 4000 g; FGR: fetal growth restriction.