An evaluation of implementation climate in inpatient maternity care: a cross-sectional survey study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of survey participants by clinician role.

		Physician Clinicians (n = 65) n (%)	Nursing Clinicians (n = 46) n (%)	p-value
Age (years)^a		36 [31–43]	37 [32–43]	.34
Site	1	36 (55.4)	22 (47.8)	.43
	2	29 (44.6)	24 (52.2)
Gender identity	Female	49 (75.4)	46 (100.0)	<.001
	Male	15 (23.1)	0 (0)
	Other/Prefer not to respond	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Years in practice	0–2	15 (23.1)	4 (8.7)	.10
	3–5	16 (24.6)	7 (15.2)
	6–10	9 (13.9)	13 (28.3)
	11–20	16 (24.6)	13 (28.3)
	>20	9 (13.9)	9 (20.0)

^aMedian [IQR].

Table 2. Reliability of Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) overall and by clinician role.

	Cronbach’s α
	Overall N = 111	Physician N = 65	Nursing N = 46
Total ICS Score	0.89	0.91	0.86
Subscale 1: Focus on EBP	0.88	0.89	0.85
Subscale 2: Educational Support for EBP	0.87	0.91	0.75
Subscale 3: Recognition for EBP	0.82	0.79	0.84
Subscale 4: Rewards for EBP	0.89	0.93	0.85
Subscale 5: Selection for EBP	0.89	0.87	0.90
Subscale 6: Selection for Openness	0.94	0.95	0.92

Table 3. Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) scores in maternity care as compared to other work utilizing the ICS.

Setting	Inpatient maternity care	Florida Med-surg nursing	Substance use disorder treatment organizations	Child welfare organizations	Mental health agencies
Reference (n)	This work N = 111	Ehrhart et al. 2021 N = 301	Ehrhart et al. 2019 N = 326	Ehrhart et al. 2016 N = 215	Ehrhart et al. 2014 N = 630
Total ICS Score	2.07 (0.55)	2.51 (0.85)	2.04 (0.66)	2.23 (0.66)	1.93 (0.73)
Subscale 1: Focus on EBP	2.98 (0.76)	3.09 (0.80)	2.63 (0.88)	2.96 (0.90)	2.28 (1.04)
Subscale 2: Educational Support for EBP	2.19 (0.96)	2.61 (1.04)	2.25 (1.03)	2.62 (1.01)	2.00 (1.09)
Subscale 3: Recognition for EBP	2.51 (0.89)	2.60 (1.13)	1.86 (0.97)	1.89 (1.00)	1.68 (1.10)
Subscale 4: Rewards for EBP	0.29 (0.59)	1.73 (1.26)	0.64 (0.88)	0.82 (0.97)	0.72 (0.93)
Subscale 5: Selection for EBP	1.98 (1.02)	2.14 (1.17)	2.23 (0.97)	2.30 (1.00)	2.09 (1.00)
Subscale 6: Selection for Openness	2.35 (0.84)	2.85 (0.97)	2.63 (0.92)	2.83 (0.87)	2.79 (0.91)

Table 4. Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) scores overall and subscale as compared among physician and nursing clinicians, both unadjusted and adjusted.

	Score [scale 0–4] Mean (SD)		Physician compared to nursing p-value
	Physician	Nursing	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Total ICS Score	2.18 (0.56)	1.92 (0.50)	.02	.03^a
Subscale 1: Focus on EBP	3.10 (0.80)	2.81 (0.68)	.052	.04^b
Subscale 2: Educational Support for EBP	2.33 (1.05)	1.98 (0.76)	.055	.08^a
Subscale 3: Recognition for EBP	2.68 (0.89)	2.30 (0.86)	.03	.050^a
Subscale 4: Rewards for EBP	0.30 (0.60)	0.29 (0.58)	.95	.95^c
Subscale 5: Selection for EBP	2.24 (0.93)	1.62 (1.04)	.002	.002^c
Subscale 6: Selection for Openness	2.28 (0.86)	2.46 (0.82)	.27	.27^c

^aControlling for site. ^bControlling for site and years of experience. ^cNo covariates retained in the model.